摘要
利用1961-2008年云南120个测站逐月冰雹资料,分析了近50年云南冰雹的时空变化特征及其对气候变暖的响应。结果表明:(1)云南冰雹具有明显的区域分布。全年冰雹日数从云南西北到东南大致呈多—少—多—少相间隔的区域分布特征;夏季与秋季分布相似,滇西北偏多,滇西南偏少;春季与冬季分布相似,滇西北及滇东北偏少,从西北到东南有增加的趋势。(2)云南冰雹的发生具有明显的月际变化特征,云南全年各月都有冰雹发生,主要集中于2～4月,最多的月份是4月。从季节分布来看,云南属典型的春雹发生区。从不同气候带来看,北热带、南亚热带、中亚热带、北亚热带及温带属于典型春季冰雹发生区,最大月是4月;高原气候带属于典型夏雹发生区,最大月是7月。(3)近50年来云南四季及年的总变化趋势非常一致,呈减少趋势,6个气候带年冰雹频次近50年总的变化趋势也呈减少趋势。(4)云南年及四季冰雹存在明显的年代际变化,6个气候带年冰雹频次也存在明显的年代际变化。(5)云南各地对气候变暖的响应程度不一致,滇中及以西以南大部分地区以及滇东南大部分冰雹频次对气候变暖有着极好的响应,即偏暖时期,冰雹频次偏少,而偏冷时期则偏多。
Using the monthly hail data（1961-2008） at 120 stations of Yunnan Province,the change characteristics ofspatial and temporal distributionsof Yunnan hail in the nearly 50 yearsand its response to global warmingwere analyzed.The results indicated that：（1）The Yunnan hail has obviously region distribution.From northwest to southeast,the spatial distribution of annual hail in Yunnan Province appears more-less-more-less.The distribution in summer hail is the same as in autumn,which the hail of northwest of Yunnan Province is more than other and the southwest is less.The distribution in spring hail is the same as in winter,which the hail of northwest and northeast of Yunnan Province are less than other,and from northwest to southeast,the number of hail is increasing.（2）The Ynnnan hail has obvious intermonthly change.There is hail happening in each month of a year in Ynnnan Province and mainly happens in February,March and April.With a view to the season distribution Yunnan Province belongs to typical spring hail region.With a view to the climate zone,north tropic zone,south subtropic zone,middle subtropic zone,north subtropic zone and temperate zone belongs to typical spring hail region,the most hail happens in April.Plateau climate zone belongs to typical summerhail region,the most hail happens in July.（3）In the recent 50 years,the hail change trend of the whole year and four seasons in Yunnan consistently reduced.The hail change trend of six climate zones also reduced.（4）There are obvious interdecadal changetrend in the annual and four seasons of Yunnan hail,and there are also obvious interdecadal changetrends in the six climate zones.（5）The response of Yunnan to climate warming is inconsistent in Yunnan.The hail in most areas of middle,west,south and southeast of Yunnan Province is very excellent relationship with climate warming.When the climate is warmer,the hail may decrease;and vice versa.
出处
《高原气象》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期1108-1118,共11页
Plateau Meteorology
基金
中国气象局气候变化专项项目(CCSF-09-4)
云南自然科学基金重点项目(2009CC002)
云南省气象局气候变化专项(QH200904)共同资助
关键词
云南冰雹
气候变暖
气候带
Yunnan hail
Climate warming
Climate zone
