摘要
目的研究汽车制造企业工人工效学负荷因素暴露水平及相关因素与肌肉骨骼疾患(MSD)间的关系。方法选取我国南方3家汽车生产企业,使用快速暴露检查表(QEC)及北欧标准化肌肉骨骼症状分析调查表(NMQ)对1 065名生产工人进行问卷调查,分析其工效学负荷及MSD发生的相关危险因素。结果本次调查企业的生产工人背部MSD症状的阳性率最高(61.8%)。各部位患MSD者工效学负荷评分均高于未患MSD者(P<0.01)。男性的工效学负荷水平显著高于女性(P<0.01)。工种间比较,背部负荷评分冲压、焊装(P<0.01)均高于总装,肩/臂部负荷评分焊装高于其他各工种(P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析中,各部位工效学负荷均为其患MSD的危险因素,工作节奏与工作压力也是其重要的危险因素。结论本次调查的汽车企业焊装工种工效学负荷相对水平较高,其身体各部位MSD的发生与工效学负荷得分相关,需加以控制。此外,工作节奏与压力因素对工人MSD的患病也有较大影响,需在工效学评价与干预中加以考虑。
Objective To investigate the level of exposure to ergonomic stressors in automobile manufacturing workers,and the relationship between symptoms of musculoskeletal disorder（MSD）and potential risk factors.Methods 1 065 production workers were selected from 3 automobile manufacturers in south China.QEC and the Nordic questionnaire were used to collect related information including personal and general information.Results Prevalence rates of symptoms in the back was the highest,The exposure score of MSD workers was higher than that of MSD-free ones（P0.01）.Ergonomic exposure score of the male was significantly higher than that of the female（P0.01）.The exposure score of the back for the workers in final assembly department was lower than that of the workers in pressing,welding departments（P0.01）,the exposure score of shoulder/arm for the workers in welding department（P0.01）was higher than that in other departments.With multivariate logistic regression analysis,the exposure scores of four parts of the body were the risk factors of MSD,pace of work and work stress were also risk factors.Conclusion The workers in welding department have a higher level of ergonomic stressors in automobile manufacturing,and the pace of work and work stress are also ergonomics risk factors.They need to consider in evaluating ergonomics and interventions in the industry.
出处
《中国职业医学》
CAS
北大核心
2011年第4期312-315,共4页
China Occupational Medicine
基金
广州市医药卫生科技资助项目(2009-YB-114)
关键词
汽车制造
职业性
肌肉骨骼疾患
工效学负荷
Automobile manufacturing
Occupational
Musculoskeletal disorder
Ergonomic stressor
