摘要
1194年黄河决口,主流在淮阴夺淮,淮河入海受阻,造成淮河流域洪、涝、旱灾害频繁。淮河来水留滞洼地,形成洪泽湖,成为淮河下游调洪、调蓄水库。1949年江苏开始治理淮河,取得1954年淮河大洪水防汛胜利,但淮河下游的洪水出路仍未妥善解决。1959年开始江水北调工程,补充淮水不足,水资源供应有了改善,淮河下游地方经济得到很大发展。已开始实施的南水北调东线工程将淮河下游江苏段既作为水资源调出区,又作为调入区,很大程度上减少了该区的可用水资源,将导致淮河下游流域水不安全。河湖分离的目的是要降低淮河行洪水位,使中游淮北平原涝水能自排入淮河,新建低水行洪入海的淮河不仅工程量巨大,还因上、中游已建水库留滞了60%～70%的平均年径流量,致使入海的平均地面径流量将难以维持入海感潮河段不被淤狭,使河水位抬高,中游淮北平原涝水仍将无法自排入淮河,而且导致失去洪泽湖水源,已建的入江水道、苏北灌溉总渠、入海水道等不再能分泄淮河洪水和利用洪水资源。建议采用机械抽排,有把握解决淮北平原排涝入淮河,且投资少、风险小、见效益快。
In 1194,the Yellow River was breached.Its main flows invaded the Huaihe River at Huaiyin,and the water in the Huaihe River was obstructed to flow towards the sea,resulting in frequent disasters of flood,waterlog and drought in the Huhe River basin.The water from the Huaihe River was detained in depressed areas,and Hongze Lake was generated.It became a reservoir for diverting flood in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River.In 1949,Jiangsu Province began to treat the Huaihe River.Success was achieved for the great flood in the Huaihe River in 1954.However,the outlets of the flood in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River were still not solved.In 1959,the water in the Changjiang River began to divert and to supply the water deficiency of the Huaihe River.The water supply was improved,and the local economy in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River had great development.The current Eastern Route Project of South-to-North Water Diversion regarded the Jiangsu section in the lower reaches of the Huaihe River as both the water-diverting and receiving regions.In fact,it reduced the available water resources in this region and would lead to unsafe water situation in the lower reaches of Huaihe River basin.The purpose of separating rivers and lakes was to reduce the flood level of the Huaihe River so as to make the water in the Huaibei Plain in its middle reaches automatically flow into the Huaihe River.The new outlets with low flood level for the Huaihe River had enormous engineering quantity,and the mean ground runoff would be difficult to maintain the tidal reaches to be deposited and to become narrow owing to the detained capacity of the mean annual runoff of 60%～70% in the existing reservoirs in its upper and middle reaches.The river level increased,and the water in the Huaibei Plain would not automatically flow into the Huaihe River.Furthermore,it would result in the loss of water sources of Hongze Lake.The constructed water-diverting waterways into the river,North Jiangsu Irrigation Canal and waterways into the sea and so on could not release the flood in the Huaihe River and utilize the flood resources any more.It was proposed that the water in the Huaibei Plain should be pumped into the Huaihe River,with the advantages of less cost and risk and rapid efficiency.
出处
《水利水电科技进展》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期13-19,37,共8页
Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources
关键词
水安全
淮河治理
防洪
水资源管理
南水北调
洪泽湖
生态用水
河口治理
water safety
treatment of Huaihe River
flood control
water resources management
South-to-North Water Diversion
Hongze Lake
ecological water use
estuarine improvement
