摘要
综述了近年来超级杂交稻高产生理研究进展。与普通高产水稻相比,库容量大、物质生产与积累能力强、光合生产能力强、根系发达是超级杂交稻重要的超高产生理基础,然而,其养分吸收量大、中后期养分吸收能力强、异步灌浆特性明显、生态适应性要求严格的生理生态特性,对高产稳产栽培调控技术提出了新的要求。因此,在超级杂交稻的生产中,应采取因种因地种植、适时播种、适当增施肥料、加强中后期营养、加强稳健群体调控、增苗争多穗与控苗争大穗相结合等栽培调控技术策略。同时,超级杂交稻的高产稳产还面临着产量稳定性差、高产田倒伏、高产与高效难协调、气候变化等问题。为有效应对和解决这些问题,应当加强超级杂交稻的生态适应性技术、抗倒稳产调控技术、高效栽培技术、气候变化适应性栽培技术等方面的研究。
The research progress was summarized in high yielding physiology of super hybrid rice in recent years. Compared with conventional high yielding rice, bigger sink capacity, more dry matter production and accumulation, higher photo-synthetic rate,stronger root system served as super high yielding base for super hybrid rice. However, super hybrid rice was characterized by more nutrition absorption, more nutritional need at middle and late growth stages, more obvious asynchronism in grain filling between superior and inferior spikelets and more restricted ecological adaptation, putting forward a lot of new requirements in cultivation and regulation techniques for high and stable yield. Therefore, these cultivation and regulation techniques should be adopted in production of super hybrids, including planting according to variety and local ecological conditions, sowing at the most fitting time, proper addition of fertilizer application, relative enhancement of fertilizer ratio at booting and grain filling stages, constructing a steady and healthy population, and combing planting density increase for more panicle with controlling tiller number for more productive panicle. At the same time, several problems consist in large area of production, such as weak yield stability, lodging in super high yielding field, difficulties in co ordination between high yield and high efficiency, climate change and so on. In order to reply to and solve these problems mentioned a bove, the research emphases in future should be focused on following cultivation and regulation technique as ecological adaptability, lodging-resistance, high efficiency, and climate change adaptation.
出处
《中国水稻科学》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期553-560,共8页
Chinese Journal of Rice Science
基金
国家粮食丰产科技工程湖南专项资金资助项目(2010BAD16B01
2006BAD02A01)
湖南省农业科学院创新基金资助项目(2009hnnkycx24)
关键词
超级杂交稻
生理生态特性
高产稳产
栽培调控
super hybrid rice
physiological and ecological characteristics
high and stable yield
cultivation regulation
