摘要
本文首先探讨约瑟夫.奈对软实力内涵与来源的论述。具体而言,奈对软实力概念的界定并非一成不变,但在后期,奈对软实力内涵的阐释越来越简约,即软实力就是吸引力。与此同时,虽然奈主要从"行为"的角度阐述软实力,但奈也注重从"资源"的层面界定软实力,而后者为该学说的解释力奠定不可或缺的基础。随后,笔者通过对奈有关软实力和硬实力相互关系的探讨进行分析之后指出,奈对两者相互关系的论述在理论层面上越来越完善但具体到实践层面上则越来越模糊且难以操作。最后,本文阐述了奈软实力学说中的"价值预设"。在笔者看来,这种价值预设就是"美国中心论"或"美国意识形态优越论"。一言以蔽之,奈软实力学说的论述前提在于美国软实力资源所体现出的普世性价值观使之具有毋庸置疑的吸引力。事实上,正是因为海内外学者对此价值预设持不同立场才导致他们在看待中国软实力的前景时大相径庭。
This paper begins by exploring Joseph S.Nye's elaboration on the definitions and resources of soft power.In terms of soft power definition,Nye is not rigid and unchangeable.Rather,he is increasingly succinct and simple in his narratives.In other words,as Nye sees it,soft power is the power of attraction or seduction.Meanwhile,Nye defines soft power in behavioral terms but he still lays emphasis on the resources that can produce soft power,which has made an indispensable basis for the influence of soft power theory.Furthermore,according to a detailed exposition of the close correlation between soft power and hard power,this paper argues that the elucidation conducted by Nye is increasingly unproblematic in theory but obscure and inoperable in practice.Last but not least,this paper makes a comprehensive exploration on the suppressed premise that can be called American Centralism or American Exceptionalism underlying the soft power discussion.To wit,the soft power argument comes down to the premise that the American soft power resources are indicative of universal values so they are of undoubted attraction.In fact,it is the different positions on this premise among scholars in China and abroad that have led to the apparently opposite views on the future development of China's soft power.
出处
《国际论坛》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第5期49-55,80-81,共7页
International Forum
