摘要
采用图-词干扰范式,通过2个实验考察了汉语口吃者的语义编码。实验1发现,在基本水平命名中,口吃者与非口吃者均表现出语义干扰效应,语义相关干扰词的命名时间显著长于语义无关干扰词的命名时间,口吃者在语义相关干扰条件下所受到的干扰比非口吃者大;在类别水平命名中,口吃者与非口吃者的表现类似,都表现出语义促进效应,语义相关干扰词的命名时间显著短于语义无关干扰词的命名时间,语义相关干扰词的命名错误率也显著低于语义无关干扰词的命名错误率。实验2发现,在基本水平命名中,当SOA为-200ms、-100ms和0ms时,语义相关干扰条件下的反应时显著长于在语义无关干扰条件下的反应时,当SOA为-100ms和0ms时,口吃者的语义干扰效应比非口吃者更加明显。整个研究表明,口吃者的语义编码出现了延缓,口吃者比非口吃者需要更多的时间来排除语义干扰词的干扰。研究结果在一定程度上支持了关于口吃的多因素模型。
Stuttering,speech fluency disorder,is divided into developmental and acquired stuttering.With the accumulation of research evidence and improvement of research means,the researchers found that there were different speech recognition,speech muscle movements and brain activity between persons who stutter（PWS） and persons who do not（PNS）.Therefore,more people started to believe there might be some intrinsic stuttering speech defects.Multi-factorial model of stuttering specify variables that are hypothetically linked to speech motor instability or breakdown,including memory load,syntactic complexity or speaker anxiety.Researchers have launched studies on semantic encoding and syntactic encoding for those PWS,in addition to their phonological encoding defect.Two different experiments were conducted in the present study to investigate the semantic encoding performance of PWS in picture-word interference paradigm which is used to examine the semantic encoding and phonological encoding of speech production.In Experiment 1,PWS and PNS performance were examined in basic-level and category-level naming task.Each of these target pictures has two conditions including semantically related condition and unrelated condition（e.g.the target picture ＂dog＂ was accompanied by the word ＂cat＂ in semantically related condition and by the word ＂pear＂ in the unrelated condition）.All pictures came from Snodgrass and Vanderwart.In basic-level naming,Participants were instructed to ignore the context word and name the target pictures（basic level naming） or to name the category of the pictures（category-level naming task） as fast as possible while maintaining accuracy.In Experiment 2,the time process of semantic interference impacting on PWS was discussed with different SOA conditions（-200 ms,-100 ms,0 ms）.All participants,including PWS and PNS,were tested individually on computers with the same basic-level naming task as that used in Experiment 1.Results showed semantic interference effect in the basic-level naming,while a relatively stronger effect occurred for PWS than for PNS,especially in the-100 ms and 0 ms SOA condition.In contrast,similar semantic facilitation effect occurred for both PWS and PNS with the category-level naming task.These results indicated that the semantic encoding of PWS was delayed,and this process was possibly flawed.Basing on above results,we claimed that PWS were possibly flawed with semantic encoding,and selecting,morpheme extraction,speech coding,and movement execution.This study supported the Multi-factorial model of stuttering and the Two-step Interactive Activation Theory of spoken word production.At the same time,the study has important implications on diagnosis and treatment of stuttering,embodying high theoretical and practical value.
出处
《心理学报》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第9期1013-1025,共13页
Acta Psychologica Sinica
基金
教育部人文社会科学重点研究基地项目(08JJDXLX269)
关键词
口吃
语义编码
图-词干扰范式
多因素模型
stuttering
semantic encoding
picture-word interference paradigm
multi-factorial model of stuttering
