摘要
社会计量器理论提出自尊是个体对社交接纳或拒绝的主观计量器,它监控和调节着人们的人际关系质量。目前,该领域的研究主要从两方面展开:一方面从社交反馈的角度探讨了社交接纳与人际评价对状态自尊的影响;另一方面从社交行为的角度探讨了特质自尊对社交意愿和社交决策的影响。未来的研究需要对影响自尊的社交情境进行具体区分,并就社交反馈、心理变化与社交行为的关系,任务特性的认知过程对自尊的影响进行综合探讨。
Social psychologists concern about the origin and function of self-esteem. Thir theories suggest that self-esteem is influenced by interpersonal factors, but they did not represent the relation between them. Basing on symbolic intemctionism and biological evolution, Mark Leafy advanced the Sociometer Theory and interpreted the nature and function of self-esteem from the aspect of relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal interaction. There are many empirical researches around the theory, which is very helpful for people to understand the role of self-esteem in social interaction. This paper introduced the theoretical origin and the basic viewpoints of the Sociometer Theory, and sorted out achievements in this field based on the theoretical assumption about the relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal interaction. We hope this will help other psychologists to acquaint the trend of the research in the field and provide reference to conduct relevant studies. The Sociometer Theory suggests that self-esteem is an internal, subjective marker of the individual＇s inclusionary status, which monitors the quality of interpersonal relationships, and the relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal interaction has been interpreted by the numbers. So far, related researches of the Sociometer Theory were carried out from two primary orientations： on the one hand, to examine the effect of social acceptance and interpersonal evaluation on state self-esteem from the perspective of social feedback, and many researches have found that social acceptance/rejection and evaluation from others will make self-esteem fluctuate; on the other hand, to examine how trait self-esteem affects social willingness and social decision-making from the perspective of social behavior, and the researches suggest that people with high self-esteem will be more confident than those with low self-esteem, and less influenced by the acceptance/rejection from others, and their perception of interpersonal evaluation and way of earning self-esteem may have differences. A lot of research has confirmed the hypotheses about the relationship between self-esteem and interpersonal interaction of the Sociometer Theory, but there are still some shortcomings. Firstly, many foreign researchesare concerned more about how social feedback influenced individual＇s state self-esteem and feelings, than about how their change influences human behavior. Secondly, the human belonging need is satisfied by the close others, but previous studies were mostly concerned about the people＇ s response to others＇ feedback in the new social context Therefore these results did not fully explain how the self-esteem help people meet the basic need of belonging. Thirdly, the Sociometer Theory has some limitations in explaining the individual differences of the state self-esteem fluctuating after being accepted or rejected by others. Future researches should discriminate the social context, and establish an integrated model among social feedback, mental change and behavior; moreover, the effect of the cognitive process about task on self- esteem needs to be examined.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期1163-1166,共4页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
全国教育科学"十五五"规划教育部青年专项课题项目(EBA090439)的资助
关键词
自尊
社会计量器理论
社交接纳/拒绝
人际评价
self-esteem, sociometer theory, social acceptance rejection, interpersonal evaluation
