摘要
受人类活动和自然因素共同作用的影响,近几十年来,河北省永定河流域的水文循环过程产生了较为显著的变化。对1962年-2001年的降水-径流过程进行了分析,结果表明,降水量呈先增加后减少的趋势,而径流量却呈逐年递减的趋势。降水量与径流量均主要分布在汛期,冬季为分布最少时段。从空间分布上来说,流域降水量在空间上分布不均,总体呈现北部降雨量大于南部,东部降雨量大于西部的分布特征;径流量最主要分布在桑干河,其次是洋河,两者年径流量占流域年径流量的90%左右。流域水文循环过程改变原因除气候变化、水资源量短缺、时空分布不均等自然因素外,人类活动对水循环的影响也是重要原因。在对降水和径流进行时空分布及变化特征分析的基础上,对影响流域水文循环因素进行了分析,以期为流域制定水资源开发利用规划提供参考依据,使水资源在持续保护的基础上得到更高效利用。
Yongdinghe Basin in Hebei province is an area with inadequate water resources, and the interaction between natural factors and human activities seriously affected the process of hydrological circulation in the past decades. In order to provide a reference for water resources utilization planning and thus make more efficient use, processes of precipitation and runoff from 1962 to 2001 were analyzed. The result indicated that precipitation increased and peaked at 538. 6 mm in 1995 and then declined, while runoff fell by 1.4 billion m3 to 0. 5 billion ma during the phase. As far as the annual distribution, the precipitation in flood season （from June to September） accounted for more than 70% of the annual amount, while in winter season （from November to the next February） less than 10 %. Similarly, the runoff in flood season made up 61.7% of the whole, while in winter season only 7.8%. The precipitation concentrated in the northeast area, and the runoff is mainly from two rivers, Sangganhe catchment and Yanghe catchment. On one hand, the effect of natural factors, such as climate change, water resource shortage, extremely unbalanced space and time distribution of rainfall and runoff, was a key reason for the water circulation change. On the other hand, the impact of human activities was also important, including over--exploitation, increasing pollution, extensive utilization, serious waste, underdeveloped management of water resources, etc.
出处
《南水北调与水利科技》
CAS
CSCD
2011年第5期40-44,共5页
South-to-North Water Transfers and Water Science & Technology
基金
河北省自然科学基金课题(D2009001375)
关键词
河北省永定河流域
水文循环
时空分布
降水量
径流量
水资源持续利用
气候变化
Yongdinghe Basin in Hebei province
hydrological cycle
temporal and spatial distribution
precipitation
runoff
sustainable utilization of water resources
climate change
