摘要
黑龙江五大连池世界地质公园的老黑山、火烧山火山岩屑崩落(debris-avalanche)形成小丘状沉积。老黑山火山西面、东面和东南面有数十座小丘,火烧山火山北面和东北面也有数十座小丘。最大的小丘高约17m,基座直径50m以上。最远的小丘距火山2km。小丘为崩落堆积的岩块相,由巨大的崩落岩块组成。崩落岩块为灰紫色玄武质火山集块岩、火山角砾岩,岩石类型与老黑山、火烧山锥体基部暴露出来的灰紫色玄武质火山集块岩、火山角砾岩一致,示明这些沉积来自两火山的岩屑崩落。大多数崩落岩块强烈破碎;但有的崩落岩块仍保存锥体的原始层理。这些岩块裂隙发育并有小断层。中更新世火山老黑山(0.16Ma)和火烧山于公元1720～1721年再次爆发。两火山首先山崩,形成岩屑崩落堆积和小丘状地形,火山基部残留有山崩遗迹;山崩为熔岩溢流打开通道,接踵喷涌出石海般的渣状熔岩和绳状熔岩;最后以斯通博里式喷发柱熄灭,铸成老黑山、火烧山火山渣锥、铺就火山碎屑席。火山喷发模式为:岩屑崩落(debris-avalanche)—熔岩溢流(lavaflows)—斯通博里式喷发柱(Strombolian column)。文章还讨论了岩屑崩落及与其相关联的火山碎屑流和火山泥流等灾害。
Both the Laohei Mountain and Huoshao Mountain（extinct or dormant volcanoes） belong to the well-known Wudalianchi volcano swarm,Wudalianchi World Geopark,located in Dedu County,Heilongjiang Province.The debris avalanche occurred in Laohei and Huoshao volcanoes formed hummocky deposit.Several decades hummocks are distributed in the west,east and southwest of the Laohei Mountain and there are several decades hummocks in the north and northeast of the Huoshao Mountain.The largest hummock is about 17m in height and the base diameter is over 50m long.The largest distance of the hummock from the volcano is as far as 2km.These hummocks composed of large debris avalanche blocks should be the block facies of the debris avalanche deposits and the blocks consist of grey-purple basaltic volcanic agglomerate and volcanic breccia that as same as that of the rocks exposed in the base of the cones of Laohei Mountain and Huoshao Mountain,which indicate that these deposit resulted from the avalanche event happened in the two volcanoes.Most of the debris avalanche blocks were shattered strongly,but is partial preservation of primary edifice stratigraphy occasionally.These blocks were highly fractured and often with small fauts.During period of 1720~1721 AD the Laohei Mountain volcano formed in the Middle Pleistocene（0.16Ma） and Huoshao Mountain volcano erupted again.The eruption model is：debris-avalanche（debris-avalanche deposits and hummocky terrain）—lava flows（aa-lava and pahoehoe-lava）— Strombolian column（scoria cones of both Laohei Mountain and Huoshao Mountain and tepra sheets around the cones）.Hazards derived from the avalanche themselves,as well as from associated pyroclastic flow and lahar that exceed damage beyond the debris avalanche deposits have been discussed.
出处
《地质论评》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第5期650-658,共9页
Geological Review
基金
973国家重点基础研究发展计划项目(编号2009CB219300)的成果
关键词
火山
老黑山火烧山火山
岩屑崩落堆积
小丘
喷发模式
五大连池世界地质公园
volcano
Laohei Mountain（volcano）
Huoshao Mountain（volcano）
debris avalanche deposits
hummock
eruption model
Wudalianchi World Geopark
