摘要
致害人不明数人环境侵权是指两个或两个以上环境侵害行为中的全部或者部分导致了一个完整不可分的损害,但无法查明实际致害人的侵权行为形态。就其责任承担和分担而言,司法实践中,若案件中数环境危害行为人间存在意思联络、共同过失或者故意与过失结合的情形,则应将之定性为共同侵权行为。反之,则可应用"无过错联系之数人环境侵权行为划分理论",即可再根据其中"单个行为是否均能够造成环境侵权损害"和"最终所表现的同一不可分的环境侵权损害是否能够由导致损害的某单个行为独自造成"两个因素,将涉案行为分为四类,其中环境聚合危害行为应定性为多数人无过错联系但承担连带责任的分别侵权行为;环境加算危害行为和环境叠加危害行为应定性为多数人无过错联系承担按份责任的分别侵权行为;环境择一危害行为则应推定为共同危险行为。进而分别适用《侵权责任法》相关责任条款。
Several persons＇ environmental tort without the identified violator refers to the situation of the tort behavior that the total or part of two or more than two environmental tort behaviors cause an integral harm,but it is difficult to identify the practical violator.With regard to liability bearing and apportionment,in judicial practice,it should be qualified as joint tort in case the environmental violators have intention liaison,common negligence or the combination of intentional tort and tort of negligence.On the contrary,the ＂theory of classifying environmental tort behaviors of the several persons with no-fault liaison＂ should be applied,that is,the relevant behaviors can also be classified into four types according to the two factors that ＂whether one behavior can cause environmental tort damage＂ and that ＂whether the final integral environmental tort damage can be caused by only one behavior leading to the damage＂,the environmental collected damage behavior should be characterized as the respective tort behavior of the several persons taking joint and several liability with no-fault liaison.The environmental accumulated damage behavior and the environmental overlapped damage behavior should be qualified as the respective tort behavior of the several persons taking shared liability with no-fault liaison.The environmental chosen damage behavior should be presumed as the common dangerous behavior.Thus the relevant liability provisions under the Tort Liability Law should be applied respectively.
出处
《中国法学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第5期97-112,共16页
China Legal Science
