摘要
结合景观遗传学,应用最小费用距离模型对物种栖息地进行连接度分析,能够为生物多样性保护和自然保护区管理提供更加真实准确及可实践操作的指导。选取滇金丝猴这一珍稀濒危物种,结合景观遗传学,应用最小费用距离模型对其栖息地进行了连接度和潜在扩散廊道分析。并且通过连接度的分析和制图绘制出了更为准确的种群间潜在扩散廊道,确定了受人工障碍影响的廊道及敏感区域。结果表明,研究区内的5个亚群中,仅S3亚群内的5个猴群保持着较好的连接度,总体来说,各亚群内的连接度相对于各亚群间连接度保持的较好。除S3亚群中猴群间的潜在扩散廊道较为理想外,其余种群间的潜在扩散廊道均受人工斑块的影响,多数廊道被人工障碍阻断,或面临即将被阻断的情况,对于滇金丝猴的扩散交流影响较大。敏感区域多集中在中南部的3个亚群间,这些敏感区域应作为景观恢复及保护区规划的重要优先区域。
Biodiversity conservation is becoming more challenging and imminent due to rapid habitat loss and fragmentation under ever growing global demand for natural resource.Habitat loss and fragmentation can lower migration rate of a species populations,thereby reducing gene flow and genetic variability,leading to increased risk of extinction.Because of the relationship between genetic diversity and landscape characters,biodiversity conservation research should include study on landscape characteristics and their changes.Thus,conservation efforts should not only focus on a specific species itself,but also consider all components of its habitats.In this paper we discussed the relationship between landscape structure and genetic diversity using the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys as an example. Landscape genetics is an interdisciplinary of population genetics,landscape ecology,and spatial statistics.It is used to quantify the effects of landscape characters on population genetic structures.Results from such studies may have great applications for biodiversity conservation and reserve management.There are five major research categories：（1） quantifying influence of landscape variables on genetic variation;（2） identifying barriers to gene flow;（3） identifying source-sink dynamics and movement corridors;（4） understanding the spatial and temporal scale of ecological processes;and（5） testing species-specific ecological hypotheses. Landscape genetics is becoming a popular research area,because it opens the possibility to investigate ecological processes through genetic data and to analyze how these processes operate in the real world.Landscape genetics have heuristic,as well as practical,values in encouraging landscape ecologists to think more about biological processes rather than spatial patterns,and in encouraging population geneticists to consider the quality of a landscape instead of mere spatial distance.The use of molecular genetic is a new research method in testing landscape ecological hypotheses. The habitat connectivity was studied using a least-cost model and genetic data of the Yunnan snub-nosed monkeys（Rhinopithecus bieti）.We presented the connectivity and the habitat areas that were sensitive to overall connectivity.The Yunnan Snub-nosed Monkeys（Rhinopithecus bieti） is one of the rarest species in severe danger.Due to habitat loss and fragmentation,its gene communication was blocked and genetic diversity was threatened.The results show that only monkey groups in S3 were better connected,and other groups were poorly connected.The subpopulations north to S3 were affected by anthropogenic barriers less than the subpopulations south to S3.The potential dispersal corridor between populations was protracted and the important area to restore was located.The sensitive areas were concentrated in subpopulations among S3,S4 and S5 in central and south areas.These sensitive areas should be protect and restore preferential. Our paper also found that population geneticists could be investigated using landscape ecological data.We proposed that（1） a landscape approach should go beyond testing the effect of distance;（2） disturbance and landscape change could be incorporated into the study design;（3） simulation model might help establish a mechanistic link;（4） the spatial and temporal variability of site conditions was important to explaining quantitative traits and differences. Under the influence of social and economic development,natural ecosystems are increasingly threatened by disturbances such as habitat degradation,climatic changes,and invasive species etc.It is believed that landscape genetics would bridge researchers from micro-to macro-ecology.Our current focus of the research was landscape connectivity using genetic data,but interdisciplinary communication should be encouraged and facilitated for future study.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第20期5886-5893,共8页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家科技支撑计划子专题:生物多样性对气候变化的响应研究(2007BAC03A08-5)
林业科技支撑计划子专题(2008BADB0B0203-1)
国家自然科学基金(ISIS584763SN:31100351)
关键词
景观遗传学
连接度
潜在廊道
栖息地
滇金丝猴
landscape genetics
connectivity
potential corridor
habitat
Yunnan snub-nosed monkey
