1Qanadli SD,El Hajjam M,Vieillard-Baron A,et al. New CT index to quantify arterial obstruction in pulmonary embolism:comparison with angiographic index and echocardiography. AJR Am J Roentgenol, 2001,176:1415-1420.
2Gillum RF. Pulmonary embolism and thrombophlebitis in the United States, 1970-1985. Am Heart J, 1987,114 : 1262-1264.
3Kniffin WD Jr, Baron JA, Barrett J,et al. The epidemiology of diagnosed pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in the elderly. Arch Intern Med, 1994,154: 861-866.
4Montagnana M, Favaloro E J, Franchini M, et al. The role of ethnicity,age and gender in venous thromboembolism. J Thromb Thrombolysis, 2010,29 : 489-496.
5Geerts WH, Pineo GF, Heit JA, et al. Prevention of venous throm- boembolism: the Seventh ACCP Conference on Antithrombotic and Thrombolytic Therapy. Chest, 2004,126: 338S-400S.
6Decousus H, Leizorovicz A, Parent F, et al. A clinical trial of vena caval filters in the prevention of pulmonary embolism in patients with proximal deep-vein thrombosis. N Engl J Med,1998,338: 409-415.
7Stein PD, Beemath A, Olson RE. Tre-ds in the incidence of pulmonary embolism and deep venous thrombosis in hospitalized patients. Am J Cardiol, 2005,95 : 1525-1526.
8Ambrosetti M, Ageno W, Spanevello A, et al. Prevalence and prevention of venous thromboembolism in patients with acute exacerbations of COPD. Thromb Res, 2003,112: 203-207.
9Gunen H, Gulbas G, In E, et al. Venous thromboemboli and exacerbations of COPD. Eur Respir J, 2010,35 : 1243-1248.
10Bradley M,Bladon J,Barker H. D-dimer assay for deep vein thrombosis:its role with colour Doppler sonography. Clin Radiol, 200(), 55 : 525-527.