摘要
不适当的农地整理沟渠设计,会导致生物栖息地环境退化,直接影响农田生态系统的稳定性。研究解决农地整理中灌排沟渠的生态化设计技术,协调灌排沟渠的功能性、生态性和经济性,是未来农地整理急需要解决的重要技术环节。该文在系统分析国内外研究的基础上,以福建小湖镇项目区为例,提出了灌排沟渠生态化设计的原则和技术要点。项目区沟渠生态化设计的结果表明,农地整理中沟渠的生态化设计,关键是要把握好缓坡设计、混凝土与块石的结合、造型模板混凝土护岸、生态孔洞设置、深槽、复式断面、半生态混凝土渠道、膨润土防水毯渠道、改良的植生型防渗砌块渠道、动物脱逃斜坡与青蛙保育设计等10个技术环节;沟渠的生态化设计必须兼顾输水效率与生态功能;考虑青蛙等动物的保育,当渠深1.0m,边坡垂直时,应当设置阶梯式生态板建造动物脱逃斜坡。可持续性评价表明,沟渠生态化设计具有良好的生态、经济和社会可持续性。
Inappropriate design of ditch in agricultural land consolidation can degenerate habitat and affect the stability of agricultural ecosystem.So it is essential to develop ecological design technologies of the irrigation systems to simultaneously maintain irrigation functionality,ecological quality and economic gains.This article illustrates a case study of NADPA in Xiaohu Town of Fujian Province and describes how to develop principles and technological key points of ecological design of irrigational ditches.The result of ecological design of irrigational ditches in NADPA shows that the key to the ecological design of irrigational ditches in agricultural land consolidation is to implement the following ten technological improvements：design of gentle incline,combination of cement concrete and stone,plate molding concrete revetment,ecological cavern settings,deep groove,compound cross section,half-ecological concrete ditches,GCL ditches,modified impermeable concrete block ditches with vegetation form,animal escaping slope and design of frog nursing.In addition,the ecological design of ditches must give attention to both water conveyance efficiency and ecological functions,take consideration of nursing of frogs and other animals when the depth of ditch reach 1 meter and side slopes are vertical,and set stepped eco-plates to build animal escaping slopes.Evaluation of this project shows that ecological design of ditches has favorable quality in terms of ecology,economy and social continuity
出处
《农业工程学报》
EI
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期148-153,共6页
Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering
基金
国家科技支撑计划项目(2008BAB38B05)
关键词
整理
生态系统
设计
沟渠
福建小湖镇
consolidiation
ecosystems
design
irrigational ditches
Xiaohu town of Fujian provinc
