摘要
在石林烟区通过田间试验研究了油菜、小麦、大麦和绿肥4种前茬作物对烤烟氮磷钾养分平衡的影响.结果表明:不同前茬处理间土壤氮素有效性、烟株生物量和氮磷钾养分吸收量、土壤氮磷钾养分残留以及氮素表观损失和磷钾表观盈余总体上差异显著.绿肥茬处理烤烟移栽前土壤起始无机氮最高,生长期间土壤净矿化氮最多,烟叶成熟时烟株生物量和氮、钾吸收量最大;油菜茬处理烤烟上述指标均次之;两者上述指标均明显高于大麦茬和小麦茬处理.吸磷量也以绿肥茬和油菜茬处理大于其他两处理.烤烟收获后土壤残留无机氮以绿肥茬处理最高,油菜茬次之,大麦茬和小麦茬最低;而土壤有效磷、钾含量则相反,以绿肥茬最低,大麦茬和小麦茬最高.烤烟生长期间氮素表观损失以绿肥茬处理明显高于其他处理;而磷钾表观盈余则以小麦茬和大麦茬两处理总体明显高于其他两处理.综上,烤烟氮磷钾养分的投入应根据前茬作物不同而适当调整,以绿肥和油菜为前茬时应明显减少氮肥施用量;以大麦和小麦为前茬时可以相对减少磷钾肥施用量.
A field experiment was conducted to study the nutrient balance between N, P, and K in flue-cured tobacco production in Shilin County of Yunnan Province under the effects of different preceding crops including rape, wheat, barley, and green manure planting. Overall, there existed significant differences in the soil nitrogen availability, tobacco plant dry matter accumulation, plant uptake of N, P and K, residual amounts of soil N, P, and K, apparent soil N loss, and apparent soil P- and K surplus during tobacco growth period under different preceding crops planting. Under preceding crop green mature planting, the soil mineral N content before tobacco plant transplanting, the soil N net mineralization rate during tobacco growth period, and the tobacco plant dry matter accumulation and N- and K uptake at maturation were all the highest, followed by under preceding rape planting, and under preceding barley or wheat planting. The P uptake by tobacco plant was also obviously higher under the preceding green manure or rape planting than under preceding barley or wheat planting. After the harvest of tobacco leaves, the soil residual mineral N content was the highest under the preceding green manure planting, followed by under preceding rape planting, and by preceding barley or wheat planting, while the soil available P and K contents were in adverse, being the highest under preceding barley or wheat planting and the lowest under preceding green manure planting. The apparent soil N loss during tobacco growth period was the highest under the preceding green manure planting, whereas the apparent soil P- and K surplus was obviously higher under preceding wheat or barley planting. It was suggested that an appropriate adjustment should be made on the fertilization rates of N, P, and K for tobacco production based on the preceding crops, i.e., lesser N application when the preceding crop was green manure or rape, and lesser application of P and K when the preceding crop was wheat or barley.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期2622-2626,共5页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
云南省烟草公司科技计划项目(09YN021)资助
关键词
烤烟
前茬
NPK
养分平衡
施肥
flue-cured tobacco
preceding crop
NPK
nutrient balance
fertilization
