摘要
利用黄土高原半干旱区胡麻生长发育定位观测资料和同期气象观测资料,分析气候变化对胡麻生长发育的影响,以及胡麻水分利用效率与气象条件的关系.结果表明:研究区年降水量呈下降趋势,其气候倾向率为-15.80mm·(10a)-1,年降水量存在3a、6a的周期变化;年均气温呈上升趋势,其气候倾向率为0.36℃·(10a)-1;作物生长季干燥指数呈显著上升趋势,其气候倾向率为0.12·(10a)-1,20世纪90年代初至2009年明显趋于干旱化.研究区胡麻全生育期天数为120～150d,≥0℃积温为1700～2100℃·d,降水量为200～250mm,日照时数为1000～1300h.影响黄土高原半干旱雨养农业区胡麻生长发育的主导气象因子是气温和降水量.气温增高导致胡麻生育前期的营养生长阶段缩短;而气温增高、降水量减少,则导致生殖生长阶段延长,从而使全生育期延长.除出苗期和成熟期外,气温对其余时期的胡麻产量形成均表现为负效应,现蕾期对气温变化十分敏感;除开花期外,其余时段降水量对胡麻产量形成均为正效应,胡麻出苗期对降水量变化十分敏感.胡麻水分利用率与胡麻出苗期气温、日照时数和现蕾-成熟期干燥度呈显著正相关,与胡麻现蕾-成熟期降水量呈显著负相关.研究区5—7月干燥度是影响胡麻水分利用率的关键因子.
By using the site-specific observation data of oil flax growth and related meteorological records in semi-arid region of Loess Plateau, this paper studied the effects of climate change on the oil flax growth, and analyzed the relationships between the oil flax water use efficiency and meteorological condition. In this region, the annual precipitation displayed a decreasing trend, and its climatic trend rate was -15.80 mm·（10 a）-1, with an annual periodic change of 3 a and 6 a, whereas the annual air temperature had an increasing trend, and its climatic trend rate was 0.36 ℃·（10 a）-1. In crop growth period, the aridity index displayed a marked increasing trend, its climatic trend rate was 0.12·（10 a）-1, and the aridity tendency was more obvious from the beginning of 1990s to the year 2009. From sowing to maturation, oil flax needed 120-150 d, 1700-2100 ℃·d of ≥0 ℃ accumulated temperature, 200-250 mm precipitation, and 1000-1300 h sunshine hours. The main meteorological factors affecting the oil flax growth in the region were air temperature and precipitation. The increase of air temperature shortened the prophase vegetative growth stage, whereas the increase of air temperature and the decrease of precipitation extended the reproductive growth stage, causing the extension of the whole growth period of the oil flax. The air temperature in the oil flax whole growth period except at seeding stage and maturing stage had negative effect on the yield formation, being more obvious at squaring stage, whereas the precipitation in the whole growth period except at blooming stage had positive effect on the yield formation, being more obvious at seeding stage. The water use efficiency of the oil flax was significantly positively correlated with the air temperature and sunshine hours at seeding stage as well as the aridity index from squaring stage to maturing stage, and negatively correlated with the precipitation from squaring stage to maturing stage. In the study region, the aridity index from May to July was the key factor affecting the water use efficiency of oil flax.
出处
《应用生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第10期2635-2642,共8页
Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology
基金
国家公益性行业(气象)科研专项(GYHY201106029
GYHY200806021)
国家自然科学基金重点项目(40830957)
甘肃省气象局第五批"十人计划"项目
中国气象局气候变化专项(280200S011C00)
干旱气象科学研究基金项目(IAM200904
IAM200913)资助
关键词
黄土高原
气候变暖
胡麻
生育
水分利用效率
Loess Plateau
climate warming
oil flax
growth
water use efficiency
