摘要
Information on the concentration of suspended sediments in coastal waters is necessary for the understanding and management of the coastal environment. Traditionally, suspended sediment concentration （SSC） has been measured by time-consuming and costly boat surveys which allow the accurate measurement of SSC for single points in space and time. In order to obtain the instantaneous measurement of SSC, a variety of remote sensing method has been adopted. Remote sensing from airborne and spaceborne sensors has been proven to be a useful adjunct to such surveys as it provides an instantaneous and synoptic view of sediments that would otherwise be unavailable. Dominique Durand and Jerome Bijaoui in 2000 presented a feasible study on optical remote sensing of shallow-water environmental parameters. Yogesh C. Agrawal and H. C. Pottsmith in 2001 tried to use Laser Diffraction Sensors to measure Concentration and Size Distribution of Suspended Sediment. Francisco Pedocchi and Marcelo H. Garcia in 2006 made an evaluation of the LISST-ST instrument for suspended particle size distribution and settling velocity measurements. H.K.Ha and W-Y.Hsu in 2009 tried to measure suspended cohesive sediment concentration using ADV backscatter strength. Shuisen Chen, Ligang Fang in 2009 managed to use remote sensing of turbidity in seawater intrusion reaches of Pearl River Estuary. In this article, the brief review of most of the technologies or methods used to observe the suspended sediment concentration is executed. As the most powerful technology in the remote sensing, acoustic backscatter device is discussed in detail. A comparison between those traditional and modern technologies is made to clarify its future application and development.
获取近岸水体中悬浮物浓度及相关信息对于理解和管理海洋环境相当重要。历史上对于悬浮物浓度的监测往往通过费时费力的出海观测,而这种观测具有很大的局限性,每次观测只能获取一个站位的信息。为了更快更有效的获得即时悬浮物浓度相关信息,很多新的监测手段及相关科技被开发及应用。各种机载,卫星载遥感设备被用于获得及时,全面的沉积物信息。Dominique Durand,Jerome Bijaoui在2000年刊发了关于光学传感设备可以有效应用于浅海海洋环境中以获取各种环境参数。Yogesh C,Agrawal H C,Pottsmith等人于2001年尝试用激光传感设备获取水体悬浮沉积物浓度及相关粒径分布信息。Francisco Pedocchi,Marcelo H,Garcia于2006年分析了关于用Laser In-Situ Scattering and Transmissometry(LISST-ST)监测悬浮物颗粒粒径及沉降速度的可靠性。H K Ha,Hsu W Y在2009年尝试了用声学多普勒测速仪(ADV)监测可凝性沉积物浓度。Chen Shuisen,Fang Ligang在2009年成功应用海水浊度遥感信息研究沉积物侵入黄河口影响范围。在文章中回顾了近些年大部分关于水体(海口,近岸等)沉积物浓度监测相关科技及方法。同时展现了一个ABS的具体应用实例,通过实例分析更好的了解各种监测方法的优略。详细分析了作为最近国际上应用做广泛的声学多普勒测速仪(ADV)的其优势,应用范围等相关信息。对比了传统的分析方法和近代分析方法,以此呈现未来海洋悬浮物浓度监测科技的发展趋势。
基金
supported by the National Marine Renewable Energy Program(No.GHME2011ZC03,GHME2010ZC08,GHME 2010ZC11 and GHME2010ZC01)
Study of the Key Technology of the Forecast of Global Ocean Circulation and Sea Ice(2011BAC03B02)
