摘要
对最新的欧盟X射线衍射残余应力测定标准EN 15305—2008,从测试原理、材料特性、仪器的选择、限制条件及处理方法等方面进行了详细的介绍。指出在进行X射线残余应力测定时特别需要注意以下几个方面:EN 15305—2008和美国X射线残余应力测定标准ASTM E915—2010均明确要求采用不假定剪切应力为零的完整应力方程和椭圆拟合方法,否则会出现系统误差;用于拟合的sin^2ψ值在正负ψ方向上最少需要测试7个,建议测试9个以上;测定钛合金材料残余应力时建议使用铜靶X射线管,如使用其他靶材则需考虑X射线穿透深度不同带来的与标准方法的差异;应选择高能量分辨率、不易产生X射线辐射饱和的探测器;无应力铁粉残余应力测定的精度要求为正常±6.9MPa,最大±14MPa。
Detail introduction was done to the latest European standard test method for residual stress measurement by X-ray diffraction EN 15305- 2008 in the aspects of measurement principles, material characteristics, instruments selection, limited cases and handling methods. While measuring residual stress by X-ray diffraction, special attention should be taken in following aspects. EN 15305--2008 and American standard ASTM E915--2010 both specified the adoption of complete formula which did not assume zero shear stress and use of ellipse fitting, otherwise systematic errors may occur. At least 7 times measurement in the sin^2φ range were necessary with negative and positive values of φ in order to analyze the φ-splitting in ellipse fitting, and more than 9 times measurement were recommended. It was suggested to use Cu target X-ray source to measure the stress of titanium alloy. If other targets were used, consideration should be taken as the result should be different to the standard ones due to different penetration depths. Detectors with good energy resolution and not sensible to radiation saturation should be selected. Measurement precision on zero stress iron powder should be ± 6.9 MPa as normal and ± 14 MPa as maximum.
出处
《理化检验（物理分册）》
CAS
2011年第10期623-628,共6页
Physical Testing and Chemical Analysis(Part A:Physical Testing)
关键词
欧美标准
X射线衍射
残余应力测定
European and American standard
X-ray diffraction
residual stress measurement
