摘要
在经济、法律等领域中,生命的价值是可以计算的,法律上的生命权是可赔偿和可救济的。生命价值的科学计算,不仅关系到对各种侵权事件中受害人的合理赔偿,还涉及如何通过建立合理的赔偿制度来有效阻却各种人身侵权行为的发生。西方学界形成了人力资本法和意愿支付法两种计算生命价值的方法。运用人力资本理论并吸收意愿支付法中的风险因子,构建基于法律赔偿上的生命价值的计算方式,为破解生命赔偿的法律问题提供了方法论的支持。透过对生命赔偿的边际效用的分析,中国生命赔偿的总体标准应当达到或接近赔偿边际效用的临界值。中国生命赔偿法律的改革,应体现分类差异与特殊差异互补的原则,体现对生命的充分保护与对生命侵权的严格制裁和有效预防的统一,体现法律上的公平与赔偿上的效率的统一。
The value of life can be calculated in economics and law,and in the legal sense the right to life is compensable and remediable.The scientific calculation of the value of life involves not only reasonable compensation to victims in various torts,but also the practical establishment of a law of damages to effectively forestall physical injury tort.Scholars in the West have put forward two methods of calculating the value of life,based respectively on human capital and willingness to pay(WTP).Employing the theory of human capital and incorporating the risk factors of the WTP method,this paper develops a new formula for calculating the value of life for legal compensation,providing methodological support for resolving the problem of compensation for loss of life.Using marginal utility analysis,this paper finds that China' s general standard for compensation for loss of life should reach or approach the threshold value of this marginal utility. The reform of China's laws on compensation for loss of life should embody three principles: compensation based on complementary use of categorical and special variations;full protection for life combined with rigorous sanctions and effective deterrence;and the unity of legal justice with efficacy of compensation.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2011年第6期79-94,222,共16页
Social Sciences in China
