摘要
2007年的统计结果表明:产生废物量最大的主要行业是钢铁和煤炭行业,分别占总废物总量的43.6%和28.8%,其次是铜和磷酸盐行业,分别占6.3%和4.62%,其余各行业产生的废物量都小于3%;其中钢铁、煤炭、铜和磷酸盐行业原矿外照射剂量率平均值分别是162 nGy/h、153 nGy/h、170 nGy/h和273 nGy/h,磷酸盐行业外照射水平较高。我国以往的相关工作基本查明磷矿分布区域,磷矿采选和磷酸盐相关产品生产企业,天然放射性水平较高矿石、废渣和部分产品238U、226Ra和40K核素活度浓度,但是,对开采含天然放射性核素较高的磷矿石,或使用这些磷矿石进行生产的企业开展辐射影响评价,以及这些企业在生产过程中对周围环境影响的评价非常有限,监测技术方法也需要进一步完善。在第一次全国污染源普查基础上,选择有代表性的磷酸盐生产企业进行辐射监测与环境影响评价研究具有重要的意义。
As indicated by the 2007 statistics,the industries of iron and steel and coal are the main sources to generate industrial wastes,contributing 43.6% and 28.8% of the total waste respectively,and,to a lesser extent,copper and phosphate contributing 6.3% and 4.62% respectively,and each ofother industries contributing less than 3%.The average external dose rate from these industries are iron and steel 162 nGy/h,coal 153 nGy/h,copper 170 nGy/h and phosphate 273 nGy/h,respectively.The previous surveys have shown the distribution of phosphorite deposits and the enterprises involved in phosphorite mining and processing,the radioactivity concentration in ores,waste and part of products,and the content of 238U,226Ra and40K.However,less efforts have been focused on assessment of radiological impact from the exploitation of phosphorite rich in nature radioactive elements.Monitoring technique and method need to be improved.Based on the First Nationwide Pollution Source Survey,it is very important to screem the typical enterprises involved in phosphorite mining and processing for monitoring and assessment of radiogical impact.
出处
《辐射防护》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第6期353-363,共11页
Radiation Protection
关键词
磷酸盐
磷矿采选
NORM
辐射环境影响
phosphate
phosphate mining
radiation environmental monitoring
NORM
