摘要
稻纵卷叶螟是我国水稻上的重要害虫,近年来给我国水稻生产造成严重的损失。兴安地区位于广西东北部是每年稻纵卷叶螟在我国南北往返的必经之路,分析该地区稻纵卷叶螟的种群动态和迁飞规律,对全国稻纵卷叶螟的预测预报和防治工作意义重大。采用灯光诱捕、田间系统调查与雌蛾卵巢解剖的方法研究了2010年广西兴安地区稻纵卷叶螟的发生动态和世代虫源性质,并运用大气质点轨迹分析平台HYSPLIT和气象图形处理软件GrADS对2010年广西兴安地区稻纵卷叶螟迁飞高峰期进行了迁飞轨迹和气象背景分析。结果表明:(1)稻纵卷叶螟种群数量在广西兴安地区随季节变化明显,年发生6代,于4月底迁入,迁飞活动主要集中在5月下旬—8月中旬。在双季早稻田、单季中稻田和双季晚稻田均发生3代,且在不同类型田中重叠发生,其在双季早稻田的发生量明显高于单季中稻田和双季晚稻田。(2)明确了兴安地区稻纵卷叶螟各世代虫源性质。第2、3代主害双季早稻,均为迁入虫源;第4代数量最多,主害双季早稻,属于迁入虫源在本地繁殖世代;7月中下旬连续降雨天气阻碍第四代稻纵卷叶螟从本地迁出,滞留单季中稻为害。第5代主害单季中稻,虫源性质复杂,主要为本地虫源本地繁殖型,既有迁入,又有迁出;第6代前期主害单季中稻,后期主害双季晚稻,第7代为害双季晚稻,虫源性质均为本地虫源大部迁出型。(3)2010年广西兴安5月上旬稻纵卷叶螟迁入虫源地来自广东沿海阳江和湛江稻区,6月中旬大规模迁入虫源地主要来自广东沿海雷州半岛稻区。低空激流为稻纵卷叶螟的迁入提供了运载气流,而当时的降雨是迫使稻纵卷叶螟集中降落的主要原因。10月中旬从本地迁出的稻纵卷叶螟,随东北气流南下可到达广西沿海北海市。
The rice leafroller,Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée,is a major crop pest that causes serious damage to rice production.Because Xing′an,in northeast Guangxi Municipality,is the only annual migratory route for C.medinalis migrating back and forth between southern and northern China,a better understanding of the population dynamics and migration trajectory of this pest in Xing′an will be beneficial for the long-term control of the rice leafroller in China.We studied C.medinalis in Xing′an in 2010 using light traps,systematic field surveys,and dissection of female ovaries.The spatiotemporal distribution of source areas of C.medinalis migration peaks was analyzed using HYSPLIT（Hybrid Single-Particle Lagrangian Integrated Trajectory）,a software package that simulates migration trajectories,and GrADS（Grid Analysis and Display System）,a program for analyzing and displaying the synoptic meteorology background during the migration periods. The results showed that：（1） the population dynamics of C.medinalis varied seasonally in Xing′an.C.medinalis had six generations a year.Immigrants arrived in Xing′an at the end of April,and migration occurred mainly from the end of May until the middle of August.The autumn return of C.medinalis to Xing′an was small in 2010.Each of the three annual rice crops（early double-crop,middle-season single-crop,and late double-crop） experienced three generations of C.medinalis,with some overlap of leafroller generations onto more than one crop.The population density of C.medinalis in the early double-crop rice field was significantly higher than in other two rice fields.（2） The population characteristics of C.medinalis as observed in light traps was similar to that in field observations.The ratio of mated females and the ratio of females with matured ovaries indicated that the second and third generations（16 Apr.—20 Jun.）,which mainly infested early rice,were immigrants.The fourth generation（21 Jun.—20 Jul.）,which also mainly infested early rice,emerged locally and had the highest density of all generations.This generation could not emigrate long distances because of the long-lasting rainy weather and instead settled down and infested middle-season rice.The fifth generation（21 Jul.—20 Aug.） mainly infested middle-season rice and were mostly locally emergent,but with some immigration between 29 Jul.—7 Aug.and some emigration from 8—20 Aug..The sixth generation（21 Aug.—20 Sep.） was mostly emigrants.The early sixth generation（21—28 Sep.） infested middle-season rice,while the late sixth generation（29 Sep.—20 Oct.） infested late rice.The seventh generation（21 Sep.—28 Oct.）,mainly infested late rice and were basically emigrants.（3） The major immigration peaks of C.medinalis were 5—6 May and 17—19 Jun.and the major emigration peak was 14—15 Oct..Most of the immigrants came from Guangdong Province： from Yangjiang and Zhanjiang during early May followed by a massive immigration in mid-June that probably came from the Leizhou Peninsula.Analysis of weather conditions during the migration peaks showed that strong low-level jets carried massive numbers of C.medinalis into Xing′an,while heavy rainfall caused mass descent.Local C.medinalis carried by northeast air currents may arrive at Beihai of Guangxi Municipality in the middle of October.
出处
《生态学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第21期6495-6504,共10页
Acta Ecologica Sinica
基金
国家“973”项目(2006CB102007,2010CB126200)
公益性行业(农业)科研专项(200903051)
国家重点实验室自主研究专项(SKL2009SR04)
关键词
稻纵卷叶螟
发生动态
虫源性质
轨迹分析
Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée
occurrence dynamics
population characteristics
trajectory analysis
