摘要
本文用26个扩增效果好的微卫星分子标记分析了镜鲤（Cyprinus carpio L.）养殖亲本群体的遗传结构,指导其群体选育。本研究共检测到153个等位基因,片段大小为108~400 bp,平均等位基因数（A）5.8846个,平均有效等位基因数（Ne）2.8625个,平均观察杂合度（Ho）0.5063,平均期望杂合度（He）0.5602,平均多态信息含量（PIC）0.5292,表明该繁育群体处于较高的遗传多样性水平。用χ2检验和遗传偏离指数估计Hardy-Weinberg平衡,表明群体处于平衡状态,但在多个位点表现出杂合子缺失严重,显示出人工选择的痕迹。用PHYLIP3.6软件绘制基于Nei氏标准遗传距离的UPGMA聚类图,依据亲本个体间的遗传差异,以避免近亲交配为原则,建立最佳亲本配组体系,繁育获得2个选育群体,以常规群体繁育子代群体作为对照组,对子代群体的遗传结构及数量性状分析显示,选育群体保持了较高的遗传多样性水平,群体平均期望杂合度在0.5414~0.5449之间,其生长速度较对照群体快14.81%~63.71%。连续2年的生长实验证实,微卫星标记指导群体选育技术在保持群体的遗传多样性水平,避免近交衰退,快速建立优良种群方面具有一定的优势。
In this paper,genetic structure of the broodstock of mirror carp（Cyprinus carpio L.） including 208 samples（106 females and 102 males） was analyzed using 26 microsatellite markers.Total 153 alleles ranging from 108 bp to 400 bp in size were screened and several genetic parameters were used to evaluate the parental population.There were 5.8846 alleles on average with the mean effective alleles of 2.8625.The mean observed heterozygosity value was found to be 0.5063 and the mean expected heterozygosity value of 0.5602.The mean value of polymorphism information content was 0.5292 in 26 microsatellite loci.The relatively high level of genetic diversity was statistically found in the breeding population.Although the population accorded with Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium by checking by χ2 test and genetic departure index,severe heterozygote deficit was shown to be derived from artificial selection in many loci.The genetic distance was varied from 0.0256 to 0.9943 among the individuals.A cluster gram was constructed based on UPGMA methods using PHYLIP 3.6 software package.Based on the map,two breeding groups were selected to breed offspring and the fry from the control population was reared from the total broodstock.The selective offspring populations showed relatively high genetic diversity with the average expected heterozygosity ranging from 0.5414 to 0.5449.In Addition,the selective offspring population had good growth,from 14.81% to 63.71% higher than that in the control population.The successive two year growth revealed that the microsatellite markers-assisted population selection could hold genetic diversity and avoid inbreeding.It is superior to construct a good growth population of the mirror carp.
出处
《水产学杂志》
CAS
2011年第3期29-34,47,共7页
Chinese Journal of Fisheries
基金
国家重大基础研究计划资助项目(2004CB117405)
农业部"引进国际先进农业科学技术"计划[2006-G55(5)]
黑龙江水产研究所基本科研业务费专项资金(2009HSYZX-SJ-08)
关键词
微卫星
镜鲤
群体选育
microsatellite marker
mirror carp（Cyprinus carpio L.）
population selection
