摘要
大部分国际石油贸易通过海上运输完成交易,这涉及石油买卖合同与海运租约。这两份合同指向同一笔交易,为实现同一个商业目的;但二者又彼此独立,且签约主体各异,分别受合同法与海商法规制。两份合同紧密联系又相互区别的特征,决定了二者应保持良好的协调性,但是石油贸易商在实务中经常会碰到不易协调的各种困扰。国际石油买卖合同与租约在衔接上的问题包括法律术语借用、装货期限的匹配、船舶滞期费的衔接、提单数量的确认、"安全港口"义务、人为操控计价期、不可抗力、船舶亏舱、法律适用和争议解决、船舶侵权等等问题。本文在分析这些问题的同时尽可能提出应对办法,以期有助于石油贸易商防范和控制二者不匹配带来的法律风险。
Most of international petroleum trades are completed by sea transportation,which involve sale and purchase contracts as well as charter-party.The purposes of these two contracts are to perform same business transaction,but they are separate contracts signed by different parties which are governed by contract law and marine law respectively.The nature of these two kinds of contracts require them to match closely each other but be different each other,which decides a good coordination shall be kept each other,unfortunately,traders always find them encounter some problems when they try to do so.These issues related with petroleum international trade contract and charter-party include:use of legal term,delivery period matching,butting of ship demurrage charges,confirmation of numbers of B/L,obligations of safe ports,manipulated pricing period,force majeure,tort libility of vessel,legal application and dispute settlement and etc.The author tries to find a way to resolve these problems when he analyses these issues,in order to help traders to manage and control such legal risks resulting from mismatch between sale and purchase contract and charter-party.
出处
《国际石油经济》
2011年第9期68-73,111,共6页
International Petroleum Economics
