摘要
本研究利用冬性和春性四倍体硬粒小麦(Triticum durum,AABB)、普通小麦(T.aestivum,AABBDD),春性和冬性六倍体小黑麦(AABBRR)及春性八倍体小黑麦(AABBD-DRR)等三种倍性六套材料,分别在每套材料中选取亲本并配成双列杂交以研究倍性与杂种优势的关系。结果表明:①冬性倍性材料间一致地表现出单株经济产量具有最高的杂种优势,单株经济产量优势高的主要原因在于生物产量的优势较高,收获指数一般优势较小。②不同倍性间亲本产量水平与杂种优势幅度表现出不同关系。冬性硬粒小麦产量水平与杂种优势幅度呈显著正相关,而普通小麦和八倍体小黑麦这种相关不显著。③倍性间杂种优势的比较表明普通小麦产量杂种优势略高于硬粒小麦,超亲优势无差异,表明在 AABB 内增加 D 染色体组似乎不会影响杂种优势的幅度。但小黑麦杂种优势和超亲优势明显低于硬粒小麦和普通小麦,似乎在 AABB 或 AABBDD 中增加 R 染色体组降低了杂种优势的幅度。
Spring and winter tetrapoloid durum(Tritivum durum,AABB),winter hexaploid com- mon wheat(T.aestivum.AABBDD),spring and winter hexaploid triticale(AABBRR)and spring octo- ploid triticale(AABBDDRR)were used to invertigate whether the level of ploidy is related to the magni- tude of heterosis.Five cultivars or selections in each of the six groups were dialleled wilh Griffing method Ⅰ,and 12 characters including grain yield,harvest index(NHI),yield component,nitrogen harvest index (HI)and so on are measured.The results are as follow:①It was found that among those characters mea- sured,grain yield usually show the highest magnitude of heterosis,which are mainly due to higher biologi- cal yield.Heterosis for HI is not significant in most cares.②It was shown that yield potential is negatively related with the magnitude of heterosis for spring durum,winter hexaploied triticale and common whrat, but is not related for octoploid tretialale,and positivily related for winter durum.③Regarding the rela- tionship between levell of ploidy and magnitude of heterosis,it was found that hexaploid common wheat show higher heterosis than tetraploid durum wheat,the addition of D genome to tetraploid does not reduce the magnitude of heterosis.However,both hexaploid and octoploid triticale show lower magnitude of het- erosis than tetraploid durum,it seems that addition of R genome to either AABB or AABBDD reduce the heterosis.
出处
《中国农业大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
1993年第S2期71-75,共5页
Journal of China Agricultural University
关键词
小麦
小黑麦
杂种优势
倍性
收获指数
氮收获指数
wheat
triticale
heterosis
ploidy
harvest index(HI)
nitrogen harvest index(NHI)
