摘要
1962年,美国批准使用麻疹疫苗前夕,即提出消除麻疹(Measles Elimination)这一富有挑战性的目标。此后消除麻疹的定义不断发展演变、完善细化,从"假定麻疹发病率为0",至"阻断本土麻疹病毒传播"以及"发病率<1/100万作为消除麻疹的可操作性定义"等。2010年12月,世界卫生组织(WHO)定义消除麻疹:麻疹监测系统(Measles Surveillance System,MSS)运转良好的前提下,明确的地理区域内无本土麻疹病毒传播≥12个月。强调MSS运转良好的重要性。消除麻疹要求有客观的、外部的证实过程。WHO美洲区(Regional Office for theAmericas,AMRO)、东地中海区(Regional Office for the Eastern Mediterranean,EMRO)、欧洲区(Regional Office forthe Europe,EURO)、西太平洋区(Regional Office for the Western Pacific,WPRO)确立了或者正在确立消除麻疹证实的过程和标准,主要包括:免疫覆盖率、疾病发病率、病毒学监测、综合的监测质量、国家免疫规划的可持续性。中国有必要成立消除麻疹证实委员会,以便独立客观地认证已达到或接近消除麻疹地区是否达到目标。
Since measles elimination was first proposed before measles vaccine was licensed in the United States in 1962,definitions of measles elimination have evolved and progressed from＂assuming a reduction to zero of the incidence of measles＂to＂the absence of endemic measles transmission＂,and＂incidence of measles1/per million population as an operational definition＂.In December 2010,WHO defined measles elimination as＂the absence of endemic measles transmission in a defined geographical area（e.g.region）for≥12 months under the presence of a well performing surveillance system＂,which emphasized the significance of well performing measles surveillance system.Measles elimination requires an objective,external verification process.The WHO Regional Offices for the Americas,Eastern Mediterranean,Europe and Western Pacific have established or are establishing processes and criteria for verification of measles elimination,which including vaccination coverage,disease incidence,virological surveillance,comprehensive surveillance quality.and sustainability of national immunization programmes.National verification committee（NVC）is necessary to be established in China to evaluate the target and indicators of measles elimination are achieved objectively and independently.
出处
《中国疫苗和免疫》
CAS
2011年第5期444-450,共7页
Chinese Journal of Vaccines and Immunization
关键词
麻疹
消除
定义
演变
证实
Measles
Elimination
Definition
Evolvement
Verification
