摘要
从径流量、潮量和含沙量的历史变化角度,对宁波三江水沙特性做定性描述,并阐述了奉化江、姚江和甬江的河床演变及冲淤规律.历史上三江河床较为稳定,河道处于相对冲淤平衡状态,但1959年姚江大闸和1975年镇海拦海大堤两大工程的相继建成,引起甬江河道发生剧烈淤积以适应水动力条件的改变,经过多年调整才渐趋平衡.随着社会经济的迅速发展,三江沿岸涉水工程(桥梁、码头等)、水资源开发利用(水库等)及人类活动(建筑垃圾和淤泥违规倾倒)逐年增多,甬江河道尤其边滩进入缓慢淤积期.奉化江河道亦处于缓慢淤积状态,但总体淤积强度相对较小.姚江闸下河段在大闸不泄流的情况下水动力条件较弱,河道整体处于单向淤积状态之中.研究宁波三江河道的演变历史规律,不仅可丰富河床演变学关于潮汐河口的理论,还可为我国类似感潮河流的淤积治理提供相应的参考.
The water and sediment characteristic in Yongjiang River is described qualitatively from the point of view of changes in water runoff, tidal volume and sediment concentration in the history, then the principles of riverbed evolution in Fenghua River, Yaojiang River and Yongjiang River is illuminated. The river bed was stable previously, but the construction of Yaojiang barrage in 1959 and the sea wall in Zhenhai in 1975 caused marked siltation all over the river that making the river adjust to the change in water flow characteristic, and it took many years to recover balance. With the rapid development of economy, many projects are constructed on Yongjiang River such as reservoirs, bridges, wharfs and so on, which making siltation occur slowly in Yongjiang River especially the side beach. Fenghua River is also in the station of tempered siltation. The downstream reach of barrage of Yaojiang River is in the station of siltation due to the weak characteristic of flow when the barrage is closed. The research of the principle of riverbed evolution of Yongjiang River can improve the theory of riverbed evolution of the tidal estuaries and provide suggestions for siltation remove in the similar tidal estuaries.
出处
《水利水运工程学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第4期143-148,共6页
Hydro-Science and Engineering
关键词
涉水工程
水沙特性
河床演变
甬江
hydraulic projects
water and sediment characteristic
riverbed evolution
Yongjiang River
