摘要
以往关于考试作弊的研究大都着眼于相关因素,还很缺乏对主体意识结构的分析。本研究以自我欺骗为理论框架,以大学生为被试,通过一个行为实验及与实验有关问题的分析,从意识与潜意识两个层面对大学生的作弊行为进行了探究。结果表明研究样本的31.63%的大学生的作弊属于道德自我欺骗,即作弊时意识与潜意识持有一个相互矛盾的错误信念,具体说就是,在意识里并没有意识到作弊是不道德的,但同时在潜意识里却认为它是不道德的。
Self-deception is that individuals believe consciously a false belief P,but unconsciously actually know-P.There is no literature investigating whether undergraduates＇ cheating was self-deception.This study explored the nature of undergraduates＇ cheating under the theoretical framework of self-deception. Three test papers 1,2 and 3 were bound together to distribute to the participants.The experimenters could tell all papers of the participants by the different left binding hole location and the shape of each paper.The 332 participants were students from 11 classes of a normal university. The participants were tested by the class.They were told to complete a simulated intelligence test（test paper 1） without their signatures. After handing in test paper 1,they received a test paper 2 with the same questions as test paper 1 and with their signatures. They were requested to recall their answers in test paper 1 and to decide the degree of confidence（from 10%to 100%） in correctness of recalling,while there was a slide showing the questions and correct answers in test paper 1. The participants completed test paper 2 and handed it in.Then they were asked to complete test paper 3（without their signatures） including 20 questions,of which 16 were confusing and only 4 were related to our study purposes：（1） Could you intentionally correct mistaken answers in paper 2 after reading the slide ？ Is it moral to do so？（2） Could other persons intentionally correct mistaken answers in paper 2 after reading the slide？（3） Is it moral to do so？ The authors attempted to set up different premises before questions （2） and（4）,of which one is ＂self＂ and the one is ＂others＂,to identify whether the students projected themselves unconscious motivation while judging the ＂others＂.Question（2） reflected the participants＇ consciousness;meanwhile question（4） inversely reflected their unconsciousness.The four questions in the questionnaire were separated,questions（1） and（2） were next to each other,at an interval of 14 questions,following（3） and（4）.This arrangement was also intended to cause confusion. A discriminant score was obtained between Test Papers 1 and 2 after their substrachion.53 particiants who scored zero and 75 participants who got negative scores,and 41 participants who were judged to have a below-80%validity were all excluded.Then we conducted a t test of the papers of the rest,163 people in all who scored higher on Test Paper 1 than Test Paper 2.The result indicated a significant difference（p.001）：the 163 participants,who took up 49.09%of the sample,did cheat! 163 cheating participants＇ papers of test paper 3 were analyzed.The results indicated that 140（42.16%） of the 163 participants thought that his or her own intentionally correcting mistaken answers was not immoral,but 105（31.63%） of 140 participants thought ＂the others＂ intentionally correcting mistaken answers was not moral.We think above 31.63%of the participants actually hinted and projected out that ＂self＂ cheating is also immoral,namely,the individual has not realized in consciousness that the cheating is wrong, but in subconsciousness actually knew it is wrong. Our conclusion;of this study sample,31.63%of the undergraduates＇ cheating in examinations was moral self-deception.
出处
《心理科学》
CSSCI
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第6期1448-1452,共5页
Journal of Psychological Science
基金
北京市属高等学校人才强教深化计划“学术创新团队建设计划”--儿童青少年情绪社会化及评价研究(PHR201007109)
北京市哲学社会科学“十一五”项目“大学生自我失调与心理健康”(06Bejy024)
教育部重点规划项目“青少年思想道德素质状况实证研究”(DEA090279)的基金支持
关键词
作弊
道德
自我欺骗
大学生
cheating in the examinations
moral
self-deception
undergraduates
