摘要
以复垦20a的平朔露天煤矿排土场生态系统为研究对象,从土壤重构到先锋树种筛选及生态系统恢复不同阶段植被演变、动物定居、微生物、土壤养分变化等方面,系统分析了其生态重建技术的实施效果。结果表明,平朔矿区已形成"黄土母质直接覆盖表层培肥熟化"特色复垦技术;筛选出刺槐×油松×柠条,刺槐×油松,刺槐×沙棘,刺槐纯林等多种植被配置模式;随着复垦年限的延长,野生物种大量入侵,土壤种子库逐渐形成,物种多样性增加,植被群落组成趋于稳定,动物、微生物和土壤养分呈现增加趋势,表明矿区生态系统已进入正常的演替过程。但受矿区特殊生境和自然客观条件的限制,演替过程中某些植被出现病虫害、种内或种间的水分竞争等问题已导致部分植被退化,因此植被恢复成功后其生态管理还需进一步研究。
Taking a reclaimed ecosystem in dump of Pingshuo opencast coal mine for 20 years as the research object,the implementation effects of ecological rehabilitation technologies were analyzed including soil reconstruction,screening pioneer species,vegetation succession and changes of animal,microorganism and soil nutrient.Results showed that the particular reclamation technologies-dump surface were covered directly by loess parental material,then ripened by fertilizing,were developed in Pingshuo mine.Many vegetation configuration modes were screened with Caragana korshinsk×Robinia pseudoacacia×Pinustabulaeformis,Robinia pseudoacacia×Pinus tabulaeformis and Robinia pseudoacacia×Hippophae rhamnoides etc.With the increasing of reclamation years,wild species invaded,soil seed bank gradually formed and species diversity has increased.Moreover,vegetation communities tended to stability and animal,microbial and soil nutrient presented the increasing trend.All these changes indicated that the ecological system have entered a normal succession process.But duo to the influence of special habitat and natural objective conditions,some problems such as diseases and pests,intraspecific and interspecific moisture competition etc,have resulted in vegetation degeneration.So ecological management of plants succession needed to be study in detail.
出处
《水土保持通报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第6期232-236,共5页
Bulletin of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
科技部
国土资源部公益性行业专项课题"典型矿区破坏土地生态复垦技术开发与示范"(200911015)
关键词
露天煤矿
土壤重构
植被演替
动物
微生物
土壤养分
opencast coal mine
soil reconstruction
vegetation succession
animal
microorganism
soil nutrient
