摘要
在我国的非常规性污染物质中，大气重金属砷、铅已越来越多地被关注和重视。文章综述了国内外人为源对大气中重金属排放的贡献，结果显示中国是全球人为活动向大气排放重金属最多的国家之一，燃煤和有色金属冶炼行业在相当长的时间内都将是最主要且最为重要的人为排放源。通过系统调研燃煤及有色金属冶炼业资源及产业布局状况，构建目前我国大气重金属相关清单模型，进行了我国重点源大气砷、铅排放清单分析，结果表明：（1）2000-2008年我国燃煤大气砷、铅排放量共为93733t，年均增长率为7．93％，2004-2008年有色金属冶炼业大气砷、铅排放量共为18836t，年均增长率为15．2％；（2）2000-2008年各经济部门中电力部门燃煤大气砷、铅放量始终最高，占燃煤大气排放总量的44．6％-57．1％，且呈逐年升高的趋势；（3）2000-2008年各省区中山西、河北、河南和湖南省是大气砷、铅的排放大户。其中，燃煤大气砷、铅排放量主要集中在人口密集、工业集中、经济发展速度较快的北部和中东部省区，包括山西、山东、河北、河南和江苏五省，占全国燃煤排放总量的39．1％，有色金属冶炼大气砷、铅排放量主要集中在我国有色金属工业较为发达的河南及湖南省，占全国有色金属冶炼业排放总量的47．3％。可以看出，我国需要高度重视大气重金属砷、铅的污染防治，加强排放控制基础能力建设，加快建立适合中国的大气砷、铅污染防治技术政策体系。
Recently,atmospheric arsenic and lead as the unconventional pollutants have become an increasingly important concern in China.The study summarizes the contribution of anthropogenic sources to atmospheric heavy metals emissions both in China and abroad.The results show that China is one of the countries that have the most emissions of atmospheric heavy metals from anthropogenic sources in the world,and the coal combustion and nonferrous metallurgical industry would be the primary and most important anthropogenic source of heavy metal emissions in a relatively long period of time.Based on the systematic survey on the resources and industrial distribution of the coal burning and non-ferrous metallurgical industry,the analytical inventory models related to China’s atmospheric heavy metal emissions were constructed and atmospheric arsenic and lead emissions inventory of the major sources was analyzed.The results could be summarized as follows:(1) From 2000 to 2008,arsenic and lead emissions from coal combustion were 93733t with mean annual increasing rate of 7.93%,and 18836t from non-ferrous metals smelting during the period of 2004 to 2008 with mean annual increase of 15.2%;(2) during 2000 to 2008,the atmospheric arsenic and lead emissions from coal-fired power plants were largest among all economic sectors,accounting for 44.6% to 57.1% of the total and showing a trend of annual increasing;(3) Shanxi、Hebei、Henan and Hunan provinces were big emitters.The atmospheric arsenic and lead emission from coal combustion is mainly concentrated in China’s northern and mid-eastern provinces including Shanxi、Shandong、Hebei、 Henan and Jiangsu provinces which are populous areas with concentrated industries and rapid economic development,accounting for 39.1% of the total emissions from coal combustion.The atmospheric arsenic and lead emissions from nonferrous metallurgical industry is mainly concentrated in Henan and Hunan provinces where nonferrous metallurgical industry is relatively developed and accounting for 47.3% of the total emissions from nonferrous metallurgical industry in the whole country.It is considered that great attention should be paid to the prevention and control of atmospheric arsenic and lead pollution in China by strengthening the building of basic capacity of emission control and accelerating the development of a technology policy system of preventing and controlling atmospheric arsenic and lead pollution according to China’s specific circumstances.
出处
《生态环境学报》
CSCD
北大核心
2011年第12期1950-1956,共7页
Ecology and Environmental Sciences
基金
国家环境保护科技公益项目(201009037)
关键词
重点源
大气重金属
模型
排放特征
primary anthropogenic sources
atmospheric heavy metals
models
emission characteristics
