摘要
新疆干旱区处于内陆腹地,降水稀少而蒸发量大,区内湖泊经长期自然演化后多为盐湖和咸水湖。近几十年来,在气候持续增暖和人类活动驱动下,湖泊波动变化频繁,对湖泊资源环境及其区域生态环境产生重大影响。本文通过新疆地区山地、平原等不同地貌单元的6个淡水和微咸水湖泊的水量、水质状况分析和对比研究,进行了近期湖泊水资源变化分析。研究表明,近十多年来,喀纳斯湖和赛里木湖等山地湖泊有一定的扩展,但湖泊的水量和水质没有明显的变化。博斯腾湖和柴窝堡湖等山前绿洲湖泊以及乌伦古湖和吉力湖等河流尾间湖泊总体收缩,水体咸化。湖泊的变化总体上是对区域气候变化的响应,但湖泊流域人类活动和湖盆形态特征等方面的不同,导致湖泊演化过程的空间差异。湖泊水质变化与湖泊水量变化具有明显的对应关系,湖泊水量增加水体淡化,反之咸化。近十多年来,山地湖泊赛里木湖和喀纳斯湖水质变化相对稳定,山前绿洲湖泊博斯腾湖和柴窝堡湖水质则持续恶化,而河流尾间湖泊乌伦古湖和吉力湖水质变化波动较大,并从2008年开始逐渐好转,处于水化学类型易变的过渡阶段。
Using the instrumental and historical data from measured in situ, remote sensing and meteorological stations, the recent changes of lake water resources were reconstructed in arid Xinjiang over the past decade. With the survey of lake water quantity and quality from 2008 ＇to 2009, the water depth of Kanas Lake is 197m with the volume of 43.44×10^8m^3. Sayram Lake has the largest volume of 261×10^8m^3 with the depth of 99m. The shallowest lake is Chaiwopu Lake with the depth of 4.0m and volume of 0.63×10^8m^3. The depth of Ulungur Lake, Bosten Lake and Jili Lake is 17.4m, 14.0m and 15.5m with the volume of 88.93 ×10^8m^3,59×10^8m^3 and 14.76×10^8m^3, respectively. On the basis of major ion concentrations, the chemical characteristics of water compositions were evaluated on a Piper diagram. Accordingly,the dominant type of water of Kanas Lake and Sayram Lake is calcium- bicarbonate and magnesium-sulfate, respectively. The water hydro-chemical type of Ulungur Lake, Bosten Lake, Jili Lake and Chaiwopu Lake is sodium-sulfate. The water areas of Kanas Lake,Sayram Lake have a certain extension, but lake water quantity and quality has not changed significantly. The lake water areas showed an overall contraction with water salinization,which located in the piedmont oasis （ Bosten Lake and Chaiwopu Lake） and other tail river （ Ulungur Lake and Jili Lake）. Finally,the effects of climate variability on lake water resources are discussed with the data of past decade. Generally, it suggests that long-term trend of lake water quantity and quality was correlated with regional climate change. Due to the different human activity and morphological characteristics of Lake Watershed, the different lake evolution has spatial differences. The correspondence between the water quantity and quality was clear, it can be said that lake quantity increased with water desalination and vice versa. Over the past decade,the water quality variations of Sayram Lake, Kanas Lake and other mountain lakes are stable. The water quality of some lakes deteriorates continuously, which locate in the piedmont oasis including Bosten Lake and Chaiwopu Lake. The water quality of tail-end lakes fluctuates obviously such as Ulungur Lake and Jili Lake, but starts to improve from 2008A. D. with a transitional stage of changeable hydrochemical type. The natural and artificial factors have a combined effect on lake water resources in the arid zone of Xinjiang, and then, the lakes shrink and expand considerably and frequently,which causes a series of regional environmental problems. The study of recent changes and its causes about lake water recourses in arid Xinjiang will provide a scientific basis data for reasonable adjustment of utilization of water resources.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第1期142-150,共9页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
中国科学院知识创新重要方向性项目(批准号:KZCX2-EW-308)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:U1138301和40971117)联合资助
关键词
干旱区
湖泊变化
人类活动
气候变化
arid region, lake change, human activity, climatic change
