摘要
梅树流胶病两种病原真菌Botryosphaeria dothidea和Botryodiplodia theobromae的生物学特性基本相似。它们都能利用葡萄糖、蔗糖、玉米粉和淀粉等作碳源:能利用有机氮和无机氮作氮源;在PSA和PDA培养基中生长良好。B.dothidea菌丝生长适宜温度为23～32℃,最适为28℃,分生孢子萌发最低温度为15℃,最高37℃。Bd.theobromae菌丝生长适宜温度为25～35℃,最适为30℃,分生孢子萌发最低温度为15℃,最高为40℃。两种病菌菌丝生长适宜酸碱度均在pH 4～8之间,但Bd.theobromae生长的pH范围比B.dothidea广。在相同条件下,Bd.theobtomae比B.dothidea生长要快。两种病菌产生孢子都需要光照,且以黑光灯照射下产生的孢子量最多,所需的时间最短。在果园中以刮除病斑涂402、福美胂等杀菌剂有较好的防治效果。
The biological characteristics of the two pathogenic fungi causing gutnmosis of Japanese apricot trees, Botryosphaeria dothides and Botryodiplodia theobromae, are similar. They could use maize floor, starch, dextrose and sucrose as carbon source, and organic or inorganic nitrogen as nitrogen source. They grow well on PDA and PSA media. The suitable temperature range for growth of B. dothidea is from 23 to 32℃, and the optimum at 23℃ -while that of Bd. theobromae is from 25 to 35℃, and the optimum at 30℃. The lowest and highest temperatures for germination of conidia of the two species are at 15℃ and 37℃ respectively. The suitable pH for the growth of both fungi is from 4 to 8, but the range of pH for Bd. theobromae growth is wider than that of B. dothidea. Under the same condition, the growth rate of Bd. theobromae is greater than that of B. dothidea. Light is necessary for the two species to produce pycnidia and conidia and largest amount of spores will be produced under black light radiation. In the orchard, scraping off diseased tissue and covering the scratched area with some fungicides is effective for disease control.
关键词
梅树
流胶病
病原
生物学
防治
Japanese apricot trees
gummosis disease
biological characteristics
condium
latent infection
chemical control
