摘要
本研究以棉属(Gossypium)的栽培种草棉(C.herbaceum L.)、亚洲棉(G.arboFeumL.)、陆地棉(G.hirsutum L.)和海岛棉(G.barbodense L.)为材料,通过种间杂交产生二元、三元和四元杂种F_1,首先进行同染色体组内的种间杂交,然后用0.2％秋水仙碱溶液处理(亚洲棉×草棉)F_1获得双二倍体,并进一步以该双二倍体与陆地棉或(陆地棉×海岛棉)F_1进行正反交,产生三元杂种F_1和四元杂种F_1。形态学研究表明,各二元、三元和四元杂种的F_1均生长旺盛,两个二元杂种F_1的叶片和花器或表现为明确的显隐性关系或超过双亲的平均值(如叶片的长度和宽度)。三元和四元杂种F_1在叶形和花器形态上表现了三个和四个棉种的一些性状。这表明把几个栽培棉种的某些性状组合于同一杂种是可能的。
Interspecific hybridizations among four cultivated species in Gossypium (herba-ceum, arboreum, hirsutum and barbadense ) were carried out to produce dispecific, trispecific and quadrispecific F1 hybrids. Dispecific F1 hybrids were produced by hybridizing arboreum with her-baceum, hirsutum with barbadense. (arboreum × herbaceum) F1 seeds were treated with 0.2% col-chicine solution to obtain ( arboreum × herbaceum ) F1 amphidlploids. And then the amphidiploids were crossed with hirsutum or (hirsutum × barbadense)F1 to produce trispecifjc hybrids, [(arboreum ×hsrbaceum ) F1 amphidiploid × hirsutum] F1, or quadrispecific hybrids, C ( hirsutum × barbadense) F1 × (arboreum × herbaceum) F1 amphidiploid] F1. Morphological investigations showed that all plants of dispecific, trispecific and quadrispecific F1 hybrids grew vigorously. Characters of leaves and flowers of two dispecific F1 hybrids generally manifested distinct relationship of dominance and reccssiveness ( e.g.yellow petal was dominant over milky white petal) or exhibited vigor over their midparents ( e.g. the length and width of leaves) . Characters of leaves and flowers of trispecific and quadrispecific F1 hybrids showed some characteristics of three and four cotton species. This indicates that it is possible to combine some characters from several cultivated cotton species within a hybrid.
关键词
棉花
杂种F1
形态特性
G. herbaceum L.
G. arboreum L.
G. hirsutum L.
G. barbadense L.
interspecfic hybrids
chromosome doubling
morphology
