摘要
2010年中国石化洛阳分公司制氢装置四开三停,并且一直处于较低加工负荷下运行(30%左右)。作为装置核心的转化系统,受到较大的影响,转化催化剂出现大面积局部结炭,表观现象是炉管顶部到中部出现大面积"花斑",并且个别炉管已出现了"红管"现象。针对此情况对原料气性质及装置运行情况进行了分析,并探讨了炉管花斑可能带来的影响:造成炉管堵塞,气流无法畅通;产生整根炉管高温或超温,长时间运行,炉管会发生高温蠕变;热膨胀不均匀,局部应力过大,使材质原有小缺陷发展为超标缺陷,导致炉管破裂。分析认定负荷率偏低(30%)、原料气硫含量超标(高达1 000μg/g)、火嘴调节不当是主要原因。针对"花斑"及"红管",提出了优化原料、调整转化炉参数、引入焦化干气等处理措施,转化炉的运行状况有了较明显的改善,炉管"花斑"及"红管"现象得到了较好的抑制,没有扩大趋势,确保了充足氢源和用氢装置的稳定运行。
In 2010,the hydrogen generation plant in SINOPEC Luoyang Company was started for four times shutdown for three times and also operated at a low capacity（about 30%）.The reforming system,which was a critical part of this unit,was greatly affected.Coke is deposited on the reforming catalyst in large area and the apparent phenomenon is that dapples appear in large area from the top to the middle of the tube,and furthermore the ＂red hot＂ is found on some tubes.Based upon the existing conditions,the feedstock properties and the unit operation are analyzed and the possible impacts of the tube dapples are studied： such as plugging of reformer tubes and impossible flow of gas which results in high temperature or excessive temperature of reformer tubes,high-temperature creep deformation of tubes,un-uniform thermal expansion and high local stress which develop which accelerate the development of small defects of equipment into large defects or even tube failure.After optimization of feedstocks and adjustment of operating parameters of reformer as well as utilization of coker dry gas,etc,the operation of the reformer has been apparently improved,the ＂dapples＂ and ＂red hot＂ have been brought under control,which have guaranteed the sufficient hydrogen supply and reliable operation of hydrogen users.
出处
《炼油技术与工程》
CAS
2012年第1期44-47,共4页
Petroleum Refinery Engineering
关键词
制氢装置
转化炉
炉管
花斑
红管
hydrogen generation plant
reforming furnace
furnace tube
dapple
red hot tube
