西南山区农村生活能源消费结构的影响因素分析——以云南省昭通市为例被引量：75

The Influencing Factors of Rural Household Energy ConsumptionStructure in Mountainous Areas of Southwest China:A Case Study of Zhaotong City of Yunnan Province

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摘要能源是贫困地区农户赖以生产和发展的基本生计资产,过度采伐薪柴的能源消费行为是加剧生态脆弱地区水土流失、土壤侵蚀、森林植被破坏的重要因素。西南山区既是我国贫困地区,又是生态环境脆弱地区,本文选取在西南山区经济发展水平和生态脆弱性都具有代表性的云南省昭通市为案例,基于946份调查问卷,采用Tobit模型对非商品性能源和商品性能源的消费比例的影响因素进行回归分析,并得出以下结论:①地形特征对西南山区农村能源消费结构影响显著,薪柴和秸秆等非商品性能源受资源禀赋影响显著,而煤炭等商品性能源更多的是受市场距离影响。②随着家庭人均收入的增加,非商品性能源消费比例将下降,煤炭和电力等商品性能源消费比例将上升,但是西南贫困地区由于农户生计资产有限,收入增长缓慢,能源消费结构升级艰难。③家庭人均教育程度的提高、从事非农产业有助于西南山区农户增加商品性能源的消费比例,从而提升能源消费结构。 No-commercial energy like firewood and straw is the basic livelihood asset on which the rural households in poverty-stricken and mountainous areas rely. Over-harvesting firewood is one of the dominant factors for soil erosion and deforestation in ecologically frangible region. Mountainous areas of Southwest China are poverty-stricken areas and ecologically frangible region as well. This study investigates the rural energy consumption characteristics by 946 survey questionnaires in the city of Zhaotong, Yunnan Province, Southwest China. Overall, coal is the dominant energy, and the second is by non-commercial or traditional energy such as firewood and straw, followed by electricity and biogas utilization. Meanwhile, energy consumption structure of rural households displays a marked spatial distribution, with coal dominated at fiat river valley areas and firewood concentrated in mountainous areas. Moreover, this study also analyzes the factors affecting the proportion of non-commercial and commercial energy consumption by the Tobit model. The results show that （1） Firewood and straw consumption is affected mainly by the per-capita forest land and per-capita arable land, while coal is subject to price, availability and accessibility. （2） With the increase of per-capita income, the proportion of the non-commercial energy would decline while the proportion of coal and electric energy would rise. However, it is difficult for poverty-stricken areas such as mountainous areas of Southwest China to upgrade the energy consumption structure due to living assets shortage and low income. （3） Development of education and expansion of employment in non-agricultural industry are helpful for households in this region to reduce the proportion of traditional energy and increase the proportion of commercial energy consumption. Only in this way can their energy consumption structure be changed.