摘要
本文在总结国内外学者关于关系治理与网络治理研究现状的基础上指出,关系治理与一般意义上的网络治理并不是两种独立的治理模式,而是一个连续的过程。本文认为,创新网络的治理是以核心企业的形成为转折点的,在核心企业形成之前,成员企业基于自身所拥有的资源而与其他企业自发进行竞争与合作的关系治理,在这一过程中,核心企业逐渐形成;在核心企业形成之后,是由核心企业基于网络化设计而主导的互动与协同的网络治理。本文最后建立了从关系治理到网络治理的理论分析框架。
Today, R ＆ D activities of corporate have become increasingly global and networking, in the strict sense, there is no successful technological innovation which was completed by an individual firm itself. The fastchanging market environment made that the technological innovation network which build up by several firms became the most important organizational form of R ＆ D activities. However, in practice, although there are many successful examples, more practice shows that the failure rate of technological innovation network is very high, the central cause of the problem is that a successful technology innovation network depends on effective network governance. Research on network governance of technological innovation networks has important theoretical and practical significance. At the same time, the role of core enterprise play in inter-firm network has attracted more and more interest of scholars, a successful technology innovation network depends on a powerful core enterprise already become a consensus.
At present, the research on the governance of innovation networks mainly involves two aspects： relationship governance and network governance. However, most literatures analyze relationship governance or network governance separately. Based on the summarization of the domestic and overseas scholars about the present research of relationship governance and network governance, we argued that relationship governance and network governance in general are not two separate governance modes, but a continuous process, and the formation of the core enterprise is the turning point from relationship governance to network governance. The core enterprise plays a dominant role on innovation network governance and has the direct impact on the output of innovation network. In this paper, relationship governance and network governance are accepted as two developmental stages of the innovation network governance activities.
The main work of this paper includes the following aspects ： first, we summarized the concept of technological innovation networks. Second, we reviewed the model of network governance. Third, we analyzed the relationship governance and the form of the core enterprise in innovation network. Forth, we build a theoretical analysis framework from the relationship governance to the network governance. Finally, we analyzed the key function of core enterprise in innovation network governance.
In innovation networks, there are more than one enterprise members. The complicated relationship of this enterprise has direct effect to the cooperation performance of the innovation network. Before the form of the core enterprise, network members compete or cooperate spontaneously with other enterprises based on its unique resources or unusual capability, in order to improve its core competitiveness. At this stage, relationship governance is the main governance form of innovation network. There is no common goal and rule constraining the behavior of the network member, the behavior of the network member is self-interest. In this process, some excellent firm which has irreplaceable resources or outstanding capability became the core member of the network gradually.
Once the core enterprise has formed, the core enterprise will have power to lead the whole innovation network. The network power of core enterprise comes mainly from the dependence of other network members on core enterprise, which is based on the differences of resource or discrepancies in the ability between network members. Core enterprise will strive to use its own network power to influence the operation of the innovation network in two as- pects： first, core enterprise optimizes the innovation network structure by network design so as to enhance network stability, and second, core enterprise reduces the opportunistic behavior by establish network rules so as to improve the innovation perform. At this stage, relationship governance in the network still exists, but this relationship governance is already under the control of the core enterprise.
Finally, we argue that in the developmental process of innovation network governance, it is a continuous process from relationship governance to network governance which is under the control of core enterprise. These two different modes of network governance shall be applied in different stage of innovation network. Before the forming of core enterprise, the governance of innovation network is mainly the spontaneous relationship governance, when innovation network entered a mature stage, the core enterprise will lead the network. Not only the complex relationship between network members should be solved by core enterprise, especially, the object of network members should be integrated to the overall objective of the innovation network, it needs interaction and collaboration between network members which are managed by core enterprise. At this time, the main object of the network governance is to improve the performance of the overall network. The member firms are no longer treated as separate entities, but are looked as interdependent nodes in the network. Effective network governance needs effective network design and being managed by core enterprise so as to achieve the overall obiective zoal of the network.
As a conclusion, we beiieve that the in-depth study of network governance should be established on a profound understanding of the basis of the evolutionary stage of innovation networks, especially, it requires a combination of the leading position of the core enterprise in corporate network to analyze the relationship among innovation network governance model, core enterprise, governance process and innovation performance.
出处
《经济管理》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第3期60-67,共8页
Business and Management Journal ( BMJ )
基金
国家自然科学基金"基于知识权力的技术创新网络治理机理及实现研究"(70972051)
西安市软科学项目"以核心企业为主导的西安战略性新兴产业技术创新联盟培育策略研究"(HJ1106(1))
中央高校基本科研业务费项目"陕西风险投资业区域发展模式研究"(k50510060008)
关键词
创新网络
关系治理
网络治理
核心企业
innovation network
relationship governance
network governance
core enterprise
