摘要
作为古代中国富有特色的基层官制,明至清中期,县官制度经历其最后一次渐进性发展,在县官的铨选、任用、致仕、品级、待遇、管理等制度上不断加以完善,有效地实现了制度规定、职责实现与地方社会类型的高度统一。但是经过发展的基层官制仍然没有摆脱"钱谷刑名"的核心职责,所以这一时期的县官制度仍然呈现出一种量变。晚清时代,为适应中国社会性质的蜕变,基层官制也发生了根本性的变化。随着地方自治的推行和基层官制的行政、司法权分离,传统的县官制度逐渐为近代镇(乡)官制度所取代。至此,明清基层官制经历了从量变到质变、从县官到镇(乡)官的历史性变革。尽管如此,作为一种历史悠久的基层官制,传统县官制度的合理性内核仍为现代所需。
As the primary bureaucracy with rich Chinese characteristics in ancient China,county bureaucracy experiences its last gradual development and improvement in the aspects of selection,appointment,resignation,grade,salary and benefit,and management in the period from the Ming Dynasty to the Middle Qing Dynasty,effectively realizing the high unity of system regulation,duty realization,and local society.In spite of these developments,its core duty is still limited in such aspects of 'money,grain,justice,and rank'.Therefore,these developments in this period are just the quantitative changes.In the Late Qing Dynasty,the primary bureaucracy experiences the basic changes to meet the society's great change.With the implement of local autonomous administration and the separation of administration and jurisdiction,the traditional county bureaucracy is gradually replaced by modern town bureaucracy.Up to then,the county bureaucracy of the Ming and Qing Dynasties experienced the historical changes from quantity to quality,from county to town.However,as one kind of primary bureaucracy with a long history,the rational parts of traditional county bureaucracy are still in need for modern society.
出处
《南都学坛（南阳师范学院人文社会科学学报）》
2012年第2期34-37,共4页
Academic Forum of Nandu:Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences of Nanyang Normal University
基金
吉林省重大攻关项目"明清知县乡村治理资料整理与研究"
项目编号:吉教科文合字[2009]第71号
关键词
明清
基层官制
量变与质变
县官与镇官
合理内核
the Ming and Qing Dynasties
primary bureaucracy
quantitative and qualitative change
county bureaucracy and town bureaucracy
rational parts
