摘要
本文采用"遗址内"(on-site)的资源域分析方法,通过对小黄山遗址出土石制品岩性的鉴定和统计分析,结合区域地质资料,分析小黄山新石器时代遗址先民石制品的资源域,进而讨论其石料资源利用特点。结果表明,先民采取就近取材的资源获取方式,绝大部分石料都可以被地表径流作用搬运至遗址附近,原地开采或交换贸易的可能性不大。值得注意的是,即使是就近取材,石料的获取也并非随意的、单一来源的,据此推测玄武岩石料主要拾取于崇仁江,而角闪变粒岩、泥质板岩、花岗岩等石料只能通过长乐江获得,其余石料的获取指向性不明显,可能选择从较近的河流中获取。石料来源的不同,表明先民于距今9000～8000年前在该遗址获取石料已有一定的选择性。同时,石制品器形和岩性之间较强的对应关系,也反映出古人对各类石料物理性质的认识水平和对石料选择的偏向,是社会不断发展进步的表现,尤其是被用来制作石磨盘和磨石的气孔状玄武岩,有别于其他遗址多为砂岩质石磨盘的情况,这可能与玄武岩质石磨盘的加工效率有关。
Xiaohuangshan Site （9000 - 8000cal. aB. P. ） , located in Shengzhou City, eastern Zhejiang Province, is the earliest Neolithic open-air settlement site among those ancient sites discovered in Cao＇e River valley so far. Study on this site makes it possible to investigate human＇s adaptation to environment in this area for the site＇s unique cultural features. Due to the acidic soil burial environment, very few organic remains have been recovered, abundant stone artifacts are unearthed,including complete stone tools,broken stone tools and lithic raw materials etc. This paper is intended to employ SCA （Site Catchment Analysis ）to analyze the stone artifacts resource catchments of the Xiaohuangshan site so as to further study the relationship between human and nature at that time. We adopt macroscopic observation and PTSA （petrographic thin-section analysis ）which are common approaches used by geographers to identify petrography of stone artifacts. First, all stone artifacts （1610） are classified by macroscopic observation, then those typical and unidentified artifacts are selected to polish into petrographic thin-sections for petrologic observations. Results show that raw materials used at the site are mainly composed of basalt, sandstone, diabase, andesite, shale, syenite, granite, tuff and chalcedony. The overwhelming majority（70. 87%）of the artifacts were made of igneous rock, 15.09% of sedimentary rock, and only 5.4% of metamorphic rock. In addition,there are 137 pieces of chalcedony,1 piece of Pyrophyllite and 1 piece of Fluorite. According to the geological information from literatures about this region, it is found that lithic raw materials are identical to the bedrock in the vicinity. By SCA theory, the further from the base site resources, the greater their economic cost would be, people would give priority to the nearest natural resources available nearby. Based on the climate conditions and special geological characteristics analysis, erosion happens and valley takes shape in mountainous areas, thus it is conjectured that those raw materials could be brought from the mountain area to the Xinsheng Basin. According to the present stream network of watershed,it is inferred that most of raw materials could be easily obtained from Chongren River,ca. 320m north of the site and the Changle River, ca. 1400m southeast of the site. However,more attention must be paid to sources of stones, it is proposed that ancient people obtained basalt mainly from the Chongren River, while shale and granite only can be found in Changle River, and the rest raw materials can be obtained from both rivers. All these foundings indicate that Xiaohuangshan people had a good knowledge and sense of selectivity on different kinds of rocks. Relationships between stone artifacts and lithology of raw materials were also examined in this paper. About 88.8% of grinding slabs and hand-stones were made of basah,they differ sharply from many sites＇ grinding tools made on sandstones. Many tools which were edged, such as stone axes, adzes and chisels were made of diabase or shale. Chalcedony was made into stone balls almost. Such differences prove that Xiaohuangshan people had some empirical knowledge on properties of different lithic raw materials, and they were able to select different materials to produce a variety of implements. To sum up,the analysis of Stone Artifact Resource Catchments in the Xiaohuangshan Site shows that collecting rock pieces from rivers around the site was the principal strategies of raw material exploitation adopted by the Xiaohuangshan people. They chose different kinds of rock pieces collected from the river bed as raw materials and they also had an empirical knowledge on properties of different rocks. The choosing for basalt to make grinding slabs may be related to people＇s favorable characteristics, however, this assumption requires more evidences.
出处
《第四纪研究》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期282-293,共12页
Quaternary Sciences
基金
中国科学院战略性先导科技专项项目"应对气候变化的碳收支认证及相关问题"(批准号:xDA05130500)
国家自然科学基金项目(批准号:40772105)共同资助
关键词
小黄山遗址
新石器时代
石制品
石料
资源域
Xiaohuangshan Site, Neolithic, stone artifact,lithic raw material, Site Catchment Analysis
