摘要
中世纪是一个伟大的综合时代。相比较9世纪的加洛林文艺复兴,12世纪文艺复兴是中世纪的一次全面的学术复兴,是一次伟大的文化运动。城市的复兴和翻译运动催生了12世纪的文艺复兴。大学是中世纪留给后世最重要的遗产,它兴起于12世纪文艺复兴时代。城市的复兴为大学提供了物质和精神基础,诞生了知识分子阶层,城市中的工商业者的行会为汇聚在城市中的师生提供了自我组织的制度参照。翻译运动使古典知识重新返回欧洲,为大学中的师生提供了讨论和研究的材料。大学是教师和学生在与市民、城市当局和教会等势力斗争的过程中形成的,是学者的行会。12世纪至少自发形成了四所大学,其中波隆那大学作为学生型大学成为南欧大学的典范,巴黎大学作为教师型大学,成为北欧大学的典范。中世纪大学在本质上是师生的行会,并且具有国际性、教会性、特权性的特征。现代大学是中世纪大学的直系后裔。
Middle Ages were great comprehensive times.Compared with Carolus Renaissance in 9th century,the 12th century Renaissance was a comprehensive academic revival movement and a great cultural movement.Revitalization of urban and translation movement speeded up the coming of the 12th century Renaissance.University,rising in the 12th century renaissance,was an important heritage.Revitalization of urban provided material and spiritual foundation.Intellectuals were born.Guilds of merchants or artisans in cities provided system reference of self-organizing for the teachers and students.Classical knowledge returned to Europe through translation movement,it offered materials for discussion and research for the teachers and students of universities.University,which formed in the struggle with forces of citizens,city authorities and church,was a guild of scholars.At least 4 universities appeared in 12th century.As a student type university,Bologna University is a model of southern Europe.As a teacher type university,Paris University is a model of Northern Europe.Universities in Middle Ages were essentially guilds of teachers and students,with international,religious and privileged features.Modern universities are the direct descendants of universities in Middle Ages.
出处
《上海海洋大学学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期315-319,共5页
Journal of Shanghai Ocean University
基金
上海海洋大学重点建设高水平综合教育选修课程项目(A-2600-11-0020)
关键词
12世纪文艺复兴
大学
中世纪
the 12th century Renaissance
university
Middle Ages
