摘要
目的:探讨穴位的实质,并进行解剖学分类。方法:在前期大量穴位解剖研究的基础上,选用经红色乳胶灌注固定成人标本男女各1例,对全身穴位定位后进行层次解剖和断层解剖观察,重点观测穴位的已知结构配布的特异性并据此进行分类。结果:①穴位的配布有两个基本要素:一是神经血管束或含血管神经的筋膜结缔组织富集部,具有气血输注之功能,为穴之内核;二是骨、肌或筋膜围成的孔隙或隧道,为穴之外壳。人体不同功能状况会影响"穴壳"开合,对"穴核"起节制、调节作用,以调节气血运行。②穴位依据解剖学特征可分为孔隙型、隧道型和终末型穴三类。孔隙型、隧道型穴多见于十二经穴,由"穴核"和"穴壳"构成;终末型穴包括任脉、督脉诸穴和耳穴,脑脊神经终末及其伴行血管终末交汇于浅筋膜,是经络气血输注体表的部位。结论:穴位是神经血管束或含血管神经的筋膜结缔组织穿经骨、肌或筋膜围成的孔道和脑脊神经终末及其伴行血管终末在身体中轴的浅出交汇部位,是脏腑经络气血输注体表路径中的节点和终末点。
Objective To explore the essence of acupoints by studying its anatomical characteristics and classification.Methods Based on numerous previous anatomic researches of acupoints,an adult male and a female corpses infused with red rubber at the location of acupoints were selected in order to observe the level and sectional anatomy of the acupoints,especially the specificity of the known structural distribution of acupoints.Results ① The distribution of acupoints has two primary elements.Firstly,it is neurovascular bundles or connective tissue containing abundant nerves and blood vessels,which has the function of qi and blood infusion.It is considered as the acupoint kernel.Secondly,it is the cleft or the tunnel that formed by bones,muscles or fascia,which is also held as the acupoint shell.Different conditions of the human body can influence the opening and closing of the shell,control as well as regulate the function of the kernel so as to regulate the qi and blood circulation.② Based on anatomical characteristics,acupoints can be classified into 3 types： the type of cleft,the type of tunnel,and the terminal type.Points of the cleft and tunnel types can be mainly found in the twelve regular meridians which are composed of the kernel and the shell.The points of terminal type are on the Conception Vessel,the Governor Vessel and auricular point,the superficial fascia is the confluence of cerebro-spinal nerve terminal ramus and its concomitant vessels,and it is the site where the qi and blood of meridians distribute to the body surface.Conclusion Acupoints is the pore formed by bone,muscle or fascia where neurovascular bundles or connective tissue containing abundant nerves and blood vessels pass through and the position where the terminal branch of cranial and spinal nerves and their accompanying by blood vessels emerge and converge at the superficial layer of central body axis.Acupoints are the nodes and terminal point where the zang-fu organs and meridians and qi and blood infused to body surface.
出处
《中国针灸》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第4期319-323,共5页
Chinese Acupuncture & Moxibustion
关键词
穴位研究
解剖
经络实质
Research on Acupoints
Dissection
Meridian Essence
