摘要
通过以"明清淮盐经营与徽商"为典型,同西欧的情况相比较可看出:西欧虽在中世纪以后由封建社会演变为资本主义社会,却仍属于自然经济社会的范畴。它是在产业革命以后才开始由自然经济社会向商品经济社会过渡的。西欧在产业革命以前,为适应商品经济发展而出现的银行、汇兑、复式簿记、股票、海事法庭等技术性措施,可被看作是那里商品经济社会萌芽的表现(导致当年西欧信贷技术得以发展的一个重要的历史原因,是那里的东西方贸易不平衡,出现贵金属货币严重短缺的现象)。中国在明清时期也有为适应商品经济发展而出现的一些技术性措施,它们也同样是中国商品经济社会的萌芽。为便于做中西萌芽的比较,本文以"明清淮盐经营与徽商"为典型,提出九个方面的例子。
In comparison with Western Europe,the typical case study of Huai salt business management and Hui merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties shows that although Western Europe evolved from feudal society to capitalist society after the Middle Ages,it still was natural economy.Its transition to commodity economy began after the first industrial revolution.And before the industrial revolution,technical measures for the adaptation to development of commodity economy had appeared,including banking,foreign exchange,double-entry bookkeeping,stock and marine court,which could be seen as the manifestation of seeds of commodity economy（an important historical reason for the development of credit techniques in Western European was East-West trade imbalance,resulting in a severe shortage of precious metal currency）.Likewise,during the Ming and Qing Dynasties,the adaptive and technical measures for the development of commodity economy appeared in China,which were also the manifestation of seeds of China＇s commodity economy.To make the comparison easier,the paper selects the typical case of Huai salt business management and Hui merchants in the Ming and Qing Dynasties and illustrates it with nine examples.
出处
《盐业史研究》
2012年第1期3-14,共12页
Salt Industry History Research
关键词
中国
西欧
明清淮盐经营与徽商
商品经济社会的萌芽
比较
China
Western Europe
Huai salt business management and Hui merchants
seeds of commodity economy
comparison
