摘要
运用专家咨询、调研、测试及元分析等方法,完成了对新一轮备战的中国国家男子自由式摔跤运动员的测试和数据收集,重点从身体机能训练(有氧与无氧训练)和力量训练两个方面论证了体能训练中应注意的几个关键问题。研究认为,1)就身体机能训练而言,实行"两极化"模式可能更优于"乳酸阈"模式,主要体现在有氧与无氧训练的强度和比例2个方面。2)运动员的有氧能力与功率下降率有着更为显著的相关性(r=-0.626,P=0.000),即有氧能力越强,功率下降率越低,通过元分析也进一步证实了有氧能力与功率保持能力的显著相关关系(总效应落在有效区内);3)力量训练方面应突出全面性(r最大力量=0.614,r力量耐力=0.532和r快速力量=0.511),但应在最大力量基础上发展快速力量。同时,也证实,最大力量和快速力量对运动水平存在显著的交互性作用(F=3.241,P=0.006,Et2α=0.176),进一步显示出单纯发展快速力量意义不大。4)我国男子自由式摔跤运动员在体能训练方法上应体现两点,一是需增加快速力量的训练手段,如增强式(plyometric)训练内容;二是注重不同部位的力量训练,如上肢体现出最大力量的特点,下肢体现出快速力量的特点。
Utilizing the expert consulting, investigation, measurement and meta-analysis, this pa- per completed the test and date collection of man freestyle wrestlers in national team and dis- cussed some key points from physical functions （ aerobic training and anaerobic training） and strength training. The results are as follows ： 1 ） As far as physical functions are concerned, the polarized training model can be more effective than lactate threshold training model; 2） This study confirmed that the significant relationship were seen between aerobic ability and power drop percentage （r=- 0.626, P=0. 000）, that is to say, aerobic ability is stronger, the pow er maintenance will be stronger. Meanwhile, the meta analysis confirmed that the significant relationship was also found between aerobic ability and power maintenance what is an important role for wrestlers; 3 ） Different strength training are important for man freestyle wrestlers （rmaximum strength = 0. 614, rstrength endurance- 0, 532, rspeed strength- 0. 511 ）, but the athletes should improve the speed strength on the base of the maximum strength. Mean- while, the study indicated that the interaction is significant between maximum strength and speed strength（F= 3.241, P = 0. 006, E1a 2= 0. 176 ） ; 4 ） The study shows that selection of training methods should pay attention to two points, one is to increase the speed strength train- ing, such as polymetric training; the other is to pay attention to the different parts of body, for example, upper limb should improve the maximum strength and lower limb should be the speed strength.
出处
《体育科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第4期84-96,F0003,共14页
China Sport Science
基金
国家科技支撑计划资助项目(2006BAK37B03)
关键词
中国
男子
自由式摔跤
优秀运动员
体能训练
关键点
China
man
freestyle wrestling
elite athletes
strength and conditioning training
key points
