摘要
为了加深对地面覆盖措施保墒增产机理的认识,通过大田试验,对黄土高原南部旱塬区秸秆和地膜两种覆盖方式下玉米农田土壤水分动态、作物产量形成和水分利用效率进行了分析。结果表明:在试验年份,与不覆盖相比,秸秆覆盖后玉米生育期内土壤储水量提高了5.2%～8.4%(P<0.05),籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别降低了7.8%和3.5%;而地膜覆盖下土壤储水量的差异不显著,但显著提高了产量构成指标,其籽粒产量和水分利用效率分别较对照提高了14.1%和10.6%(P<0.05),显示后者抑制土表蒸发所增加的土壤水分更多地、更有效地被作物根系吸收利用了。从产量形成和水分利用效率角度分析,本地区旱作玉米农田使用地膜覆盖有较好的保墒增产效果。
To understand the mechanisms of soil moisture conservation and crop yield increasing by soil surface mulching deeply,soil water dynamic,crop yield formation and water use efficiency in a corn field under straw mulching and plastic film mulching were studied by a field experiment conducted in the dryland of the southern Loess Plateau.In the years of the experiment,compared with the contrast without mulching,soil water storage under straw mulching treatment in corn growth stage increased by 5.2%~8.4%（P0.05） and grain yield and water use efficiency under straw mulching treatment decreased by 7.8% and 3.5%,respectively.The difference of soil water storage induced by plastic film mulching was not significant,but plastic film mulching remarkably raised yield formation index and increased grain yield and water use efficiency by 14.1% and 10.6% over the contrast（P0.05）,respectively.This suggests that the soil moisture increment by the inhibition of plastic film mulching on soil surface evaporation was absorbed by crop roots,more largely and more effectively.In terms of yield formation and water use efficiency,the adoption of plastic film mulching in dry-farming corn fields of the region may induce better effects of soil moisture conservation and crop yield increasing
出处
《水土保持研究》
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期210-212,217,共4页
Research of Soil and Water Conservation
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(41171033)
关键词
秸秆覆盖
地膜覆盖
土壤水分
春玉米
产量
水分利用效率
straw mulching
plastic film mulching
soil moisture
spring corn
yield
water use efficiency
