摘要
采用小区试验方法,在25和30穴/m2的种植密度下,研究肥水管理对寒地水稻抗倒伏能力的影响。结果显示,相同种植密度下,与农民习惯肥水管理相比(FFP-25,FFP-30),肥水优化管理(OPT-25,OPT-30)使水稻产量增加8.5%～9.8%(P<0.05),抽穗后40d,茎粗增加了9.4%～17.5%(P<0.05),茎壁厚度增加了12.7%～21.2%(P<0.05);单位节间干重和糖氮比增加,大小维管束截面呈近圆形,明显提高了大小维管束数量、面积和机械组织厚度,茎秆抗折力增加了30.8%～31.9%(P<0.05),倒伏指数降低15.4%～21.1%(P<0.05)。相同肥水管理下,增加种植密度对水稻倒伏和产量没有显著影响,增加密度的同时优化肥水管理(OPT-30),产量比FFP-25增加了15.5%(P<0.01),倒伏指数降低了16.8%(P<0.05)。肥水优化管理改善了水稻基部第二节间的显微结构,促进了节间充实,增加了水稻抗倒伏性能。
A plot experiment was conducted to investigate the relationship between optimization of water and fertilizer and lodging resistance of rice with different densities （25 and 30 per square meter） in cold area of northeastern China. Under the same density, compared to farmers fertilization practice under regular irrigation （ FFP-25, FFP-30） , the yield of optimal fertilization practice under controlled irrigation （OPT-25, OPT-30） were increased by 8.5% -9.8% （P 〈 O. 05）. At 40 days after heading, stem diameter and wall thickness were increased by 9.4% - 17.5% （P 〈 0.05） and 12.7% -21.2% （P 〈0.05） compared to FFP, and weight of per 10 cm internode and sugar to N ratio of OPT-25, OPT-30 treatments were significantly enhanced, the great and small vascular bundle appeared approximate circles, the number and area of great and small vascular bundle and thickness of mechanical tissue were significantly increased, the snapping resistance of stems was significantly improved by 30.8% -31.9% （P 〈 O. 05） and the index of lodging resistance was reduced by 15.4% -21. 1% （P 〈 0.05）. Under the same fertilizer and water management, with the increase of plant density, no significant differences in rice yield and the index of lodging resistance were observed. While compared to FFP-25, the yield of OPT-30 was increased by 15.5% （P 〈 O. 01 ） and the index of lodging resistance was reduced by 16. 8% （P 〈 O. 05）. These results proved that water and fertilizer optimization management can improve the microstructure of the second basal internodes, facilitate internode filling, and resulted in high lodging resistance of rice.
出处
《核农学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第2期352-357,共6页
Journal of Nuclear Agricultural Sciences
基金
农业部公益性行业(农业)科研专项(201103003)
关键词
寒地
水稻
肥水优化
密度
倒伏
显微结构
cold area
rice
water and fertilizer optimization
density
lodging
microstructure
