摘要
中国传统的文艺批评是"生命化"批评,生命化文评以文气说为中心。文气说认为艺术主体的精神内蕴与文学作品的风格相表里。文气说铸造的美学范畴来自人物品藻,而人物品藻用今天的观念看就是以人的精神境界为中心的审美。这种审美实际包含着一种以提升人的精神境界为中心的美育观念。而这种人格精神的提升与修养就是中国美学的工夫论,工夫论认为艺术的审美体验与作家的性情特征相关,不同的审美境界可以看作是以气的工夫修养为境界的人格生命不同向度的呈现。从工夫论来看,中国文艺批评中的审美范畴既是对审美对象的描述,也是对艺术家的精神境界的描述。中国文评的审美范畴是人生境界与艺术创造结合的产物,而非像西方的美学范畴那样,仅仅是作为审美的现象出现的。而从艺术家精神的审美修养来衡量,诸多的美学范畴可以归约为气韵、风骨、雄浑这三种。
Traditional Chinese literary criticism is animistic criticism with＂qi of the work＂（文气） at its center.In the category of＂qi of the work＂（文气） the spiritual state of the subject of the literary creation is reflected in the style of the work created.The aesthetic category forged by＂qi of the work＂（文气） comes from＂personality judgment＂（品藻） which,in modern terminology,means aesthetics based on the spiritual height of the man and implies aesthetic ideas the object of which is to raise the spiritual level of the man.This raising and cultivation of the spiritual level is best formulated in the category of ＂moral improvement＂（工夫论） which postulates that aesthetic experience of art is linked with the personality traits of the creator and differences in aesthetic abilities are due to different levels of moral improvement manifested in the ＂qi of the work＂（文气）.From the perspective of＂moral improvement＂（工夫论）,the aesthetic categories of traditional Chinese literary criticism deal not only with the aesthetic objects,but also the spiritual level of the artists themselves and are on this account the product of the combination of the creator＇s moral improvement and the act of creation,unlike western aesthetic categories which merely represent aesthetic objects.The aesthetic categories that designate levels of moral improvement are summed up in the following three kinds,namely,＂ lingering charm＂（气韵）,＂vigor of style＂（风骨） and＂vigor and force＂（雄浑）.
出处
《美育学刊》
2012年第3期59-66,共8页
Journal of Aesthetic Education
基金
杭州师范大学国学院专项课题<从汉学到汉语哲学>的研究成果之一
关键词
工夫修养
审美范畴
人生境界
气韵
风骨
雄浑
moral improvement
aesthetic categories
realm of life
lingering charm
vigor of style
vigor and force
