摘要
甘肃黄土高原属半干旱和半湿润气候过渡区。潜在蒸散量大于降水量,土壤水是影响冬小麦生产最直接因素。运用甘肃西峰农业气象试验站1981-2010年冬小麦大田试验及土壤湿度观测资料,对近30年土壤水变化规律及与冬小麦各产量要素的关系进行分析。结果表明,冬小麦贮水量最大时段为冬前生长期,其次为返青期至拔节期,最小为孕穗期至成熟期。耗水量最大时段为孕穗期至成熟期,其次为冬前生长阶段,最小为返青期至拔节期。1981-2010年土壤100cm土层、1990-2010年200cm土层贮水量呈减少趋势,耗水量呈增加趋势。冬小麦土壤水分利用率呈上升趋势,变化转折点出现在1998年。200cm、100cm土层贮水量与冬小麦不孕小穗率相关性显著。不同生长阶段各层次土壤贮水量均与千粒重相关性显著,且随着深度加深,相关性愈加显著。冬前生长阶段、返青期至拔节期各深度层次土壤贮水量与单株成穗数相关性分别通过0.1、0.01信度水平检验。在冬小麦各生长阶段,各层次土壤贮水量与单产相关性显著。5月中旬100cm土层贮水量对产量影响较大,aj(t)值达20kg/hm2·mm。不孕小穗率与不同生长阶段100cm土层耗水量均呈显著负相关关系。千粒重与冬前生长阶段的各深度层次耗水量相关性显著。单株成穗数与返青期至拔节期上层土壤耗水量相关性显著。单产与孕穗期至成熟期各层次耗水量相关性显著。从当年9月到次年5月100cm土层耗水量对单产影响逐渐增大,5月中旬aj(t)达25kg/hm2·mm。此后耗水量对产量的影响逐渐降低。
Based on the data of wheat fields and soil mois^re at the Xifeng Agrometerological Experiment Station from 1981 to 2010, the variation law of soil water and the relationship between the yield factors and soil water were discussed. The results showed that the maximum soil water storage occurred in growth stage before winter, followed by reviving to jointing stage, and the minimum in booting to mature stage. The maximum soil water consumption was observed in booting to mature stage, followed by growth stage before winter, and the minimum in reviving to jointing stage. It is also shown that the soil water storage at depths of 200 cm and 100 cm decreased and water consumption at depths of 200 cm and 100 cm increased with trend of fluctuations. The utilization efficiency of soil water increased in a linear trend and the turning point occurred in 1998. There is significant relationship between the infertility spikelet rate and soil water storage at depths of 200 cm and 100 cm. The correlation between soil water storage in different layers and TKW （thousand kernel weight） can be estimated through the method of hypothesis testing, and the deeper the layer of soil water storage, the higher the correlation coefficient was. The correlation between ear number and soil water storage in different layers in growth stage before winter and the period of reviving to jointing could pass 0.1 and 0.01 reliability testing respectively. The soil water storage in different layers in growth period and actual yields in test field were correlated prominently. The value of aj（t） was 20 kg in 1 ha at a depth of 1 mm in soil water during the second ten days in May. There is negative correlation between water consumption at 100 cm depth and infertility spikelet rate. The TKW and water consumption in different soil layers was closely correlated.
出处
《地理学报》
EI
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第5期710-718,共9页
Acta Geographica Sinica
基金
国家科技部公益行业科研专项(GYHY201106029)~~
关键词
甘肃黄土高原
土壤水
变化特征
产量因素
影响
Loess Plateau in Gansu
soil water
variation
yield factors
influence
