摘要
从颗粒物的时空分布和浓度水平方面综述了灰霾期间气溶胶的污染特征,介绍了灰霾期间气溶胶中金属元素、水溶性离子、有机碳和元素碳的浓度特征,以及颗粒物与能见度的相关性研究进展。指出:灰霾天气多发生在冬季,且气溶胶中PM2.5占的比重大;气溶胶污染与地理环境、气候条件、经济发展水平等有密切关系;水溶性离子多集中在PM2.5中;能见度的下降与气溶胶特别是细颗粒物有很大关系。提出目前灰霾研究中主要存在3大问题:一是对灰霾期间气溶胶中含有的有机物类别及其对不同季节发生灰霾的贡献率仍需进一步研究;二是灰霾期间气溶胶中有机物的形成机理尚不明确;三是不同源排放的气溶胶对灰霾形成的贡献率有待探讨。建议系统地开展大气细颗粒物有害成分的鉴定、源排放颗粒物的物理化学特性、扩散过程中各种物质间的反应和转化等方面的研究,为大气污染防治法规的制定提供依据。
The aerosol characteristics during haze were analyzed from particulate matters of space and time distribution and concentration.The analysis described concentration characteristics of metal elements,water soluble ions,organic and elemental carbon,as well as correlation of particulate matters with atmospheric visibility.It indicated haze usually occurs in winter,and PM2.5 held big proportion in aerosol.Aerosol pollution had close relationship with geographical environment,climate conditions,economic development level etc.Water soluble ions more likely concentrated on the PM2.5.The visibility drop had highly related to aerosol especially fine particle matters.There were three matters in future haze research works that included the kinds of organic matters which contained in particulate matters and for the contribution in different season during haze,the formation mechanism of the organic matter in aerosol during haze,and contribution of haze formation by aerosol from different emission sources.To provide support of regulation establishment for the air pollution control,suggestion was made for research works including harmful substance identification of fine particulate matters in air,physical and chemical characteristics of particulate matters from emission source,reaction and transformation of all kinds of matters in diffusion process.
出处
《环境监测管理与技术》
2012年第2期6-11,共6页
The Administration and Technique of Environmental Monitoring
基金
国家自然科学基金资助项目(41105102)
关键词
灰霾
气溶胶
能见度
大气污染
Haze
Aerosols
Visibility
Atmospheric pollution
