摘要
对连续8 a施用氮磷钾肥的黄土高原地区‘红富士’苹果园的产量及土壤养分变化进行了研究,以探明长期施用氮磷钾化肥对苹果产量与土壤养分累积与分布的影响。结果表明,施用氮磷钾化肥(NPK处理)显著增加了苹果产量,增产率为12.8%～128.3%,增产率随施肥年限增加有增加趋势。NPK处理增加了果园土壤的有效氮、磷、钾含量,其累积量在不同土层中的分布差异较大。与对照(CK)相比较,NPK处理使0～20 cm、20～40 cm和40～60 cm土层中的速效氮含量平均分别增加了24.9 mg·L-1、36.9 mg·L-1和49.7 mg·L-1,速效磷增加了20.1 mg·L-1,12.6 mg·L-1和4.3 mg·L-1,速效钾增加了50.9 mg·L-1、61.8 mg·L-1和31.2 mg·L-1。这表明长期施肥下,果园土壤中速效氮的累积量随着土层深度增加,速效磷的累积量随土层深度减少,速效钾累积主要分布在0～40 cm土层。相关性分析表明,20～40cm土层的速效氮和速效磷含量与当年的苹果产量呈显著正相关关系,土壤速效养分含量与上一年度苹果产量的相关性较差。
Eight-year experiments （from 2001-2009） in apple orchard were conducted to evaluate the ef- fects of long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium （NPK） on apple yield and soil nu- trient accumulation and distribution in orchard soil of Loess Plateau in Shaanxi province. The results showed that apple yields were increased varying from 12.8% to 128.3% annually through NPK, and the yield-increasing effects were very different every year. Compared with no fertilizer （CK）, NPK made the concentration of all available N, available P and available K in soil depth of 0 to 20 cm, 20 to 40 cm and 40 to 60 cm increase yearly. Specifically, available N was increased by 24.9,36.9 and 49.7 mg·L^-1, avail- able P was increased by 20.1,12.6 and 4.3 mg·L^-1, and available K was increased by 50.9,61.8, 31.2 mg·L^-1, respectively. This indicated that the accumulations of available N, P and K varied with different soil depths. The results also indicated that the accumulation of available N was increased with soil depth increasing, while available P was decreased, and available K was mainly distributed in 0 to 40 cm soil depth. Correlation analysis demonstrated that the concentrations of available N and available P in 20 to 40 cm soil depth were positively related to apple yield of current growth year.
出处
《果树学报》
CAS
CSCD
北大核心
2012年第3期322-327,共6页
Journal of Fruit Science
基金
国际植物营养研究所(IPNI)
国家科技支撑计划(2006BAD05B07)
关键词
苹果
长期施肥
产量
养分累积与分布
黄土高原
Apple
Long-term application of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium
Yield
Nutrients accumulation and distribution
Loess Plateau
