摘要
虽然中国自愿减排交易量呈逐年上升的趋势,但自愿减排交易市场的发展仍存在不确定性。主要表现在:自愿减排没有限制,供需难以平衡;市场分布比较松散,价格相差较大;交易欠缺透明,信用基础薄弱;监管措施不得力,无统一标准;交易所遍地开花,配置不合理;立法严重滞后,无法保障其有序运行。针对这些问题,可从政策和法律上加以规范。在交易内容方面,明确交易商品;扩大交易主体;确立核证标准,保障交易透明、公平和规范;实行适合国情的柔性总量控制。在法律监管方面,界定碳排放权的权利属性;尽早出台规范全国自愿减排交易机制的法律;整合现有的碳交易所;建立规范的交易核证制度和有效的交易激励机制。在交易监管方面,建立交易信息披露制度,形成由政府主管机关、行业组织和交易平台三位一体的监督管理体系,促进中国自愿减排交易市场的健康发展。
This article explains how to regulate the voluntary trading market in China by policies and laws.Although the trading volume in China's voluntary emission reduction is positively increasing year by year,the future of the voluntary trading market still remains uncertain for the following reasons:the supply-demand relationship is hard to balance without limitations in voluntary emission reduction;the trading market is dispersed and the price of trade differs largely;the credit foundation is weak in result of transparency in trade;the regulations are inefficient with various standards;the exchanges are widespread but the allocations are irrational;the legislation lags behind and malfunctions in regulating the trading order.Therefore,in the perspective of policies and law,the following measures are proposed to solve those problems.First,regarding the trade content we should make the tradable commodities clear,enlarge the trading subjects,establish unified standards to ensure the justice of exchange,and carry out the flexible and complete control of the reduction accordingly.Second,considering legal regulation we should define the attribute of the carbon emission rights,promulgate the law of national trading in voluntary emission reduction as soon as possible,integrate the existing exchanges and set up a regulated authentication system and an effective incentive system.Third,with regard to trading surveillance we should establish an information disclosure system with government,trade organization and trading platform to develop the trading market in China's voluntary emission reduction.
出处
《中国政法大学学报》
2012年第3期35-45,159,共11页
Journal Of CUPL
基金
由国家社会科学基金重点项目--"中国碳排放交易法律制度研究"(项目批准号:11AFX007)基金资助
