摘要
对于食品安全违法行为的威慑何以有效?这是破解食品安全监管困境的关键所在。基于繁重的执法负荷与稀缺的公共执法资源,食品安全迫切需要创新治理形式。声誉机制创设的威慑充分虑及企业的长期收入流,借助无数消费者的"用脚投票"深入作用于企业利益结构的核心部分,因而能够有效阻吓企业放弃潜在的不法行为,分担监管机构的一部分执法负荷,是一种颇有效率的社会执法。但是,声誉罚的要义在于信息高效流动,而现代食品行业与公众之间的信息鸿沟使得消费者很难自发形成强有力的声誉机制。应当以食品安全信用档案为中心,建立全程整合信息生产—分级—披露—传播—反馈的法律制度系统,确保企业违法信息迅速进入公众的认知结构,为消费者及时启动声誉罚奠定基础。同时,应当以声誉机制的适用为契机,积极探索食品安全的社会治理之道,回应执法历史发展所蕴含的成本逻辑,实现执法优化。
What is the most effective deterrent for breaches of food safety laws? This is the key to resolving the dilemma of oversight of this area.Due to the heavy workload involved and the scarcity of public resources for enforcing the law,food safety calls for an innovative form of management.The deterrent effect of the reputation mechanism takes into account enterprises' long-term revenue flows and has a profound effect on the structure of core corporate interests through the countless consumers who 'vote with their feet.' Therefore,by deterring enterprises from potentially illegal behavior and taking on part of the work of supervisory agencies,this mechanism is an effective social means of law enforcement.However,the key point of penalizing firms through damage to their reputation is the effective circulation of information,and the information divide between the modern food industry and the public makes it hard for consumers to develop a powerful reputation mechanism on their own.China should build a full legal system that integrates information production,classification,disclosure,dissemination and feedback around a core of reputation files on food safety,to give the public ready access to information on enterprises that are breaking the law and lay a foundation for timely consumer action to penalize offending enterprises.At the same time,China should also take adoption of a reputation mechanism as a chance to explore strategies for the social management of food safety and to respond to the logic of cost contained in the historical development of law enforcement,so as to optimize enforcement of the law.
出处
《中国社会科学》
CSSCI
北大核心
2012年第6期115-133,207-208,共19页
Social Sciences in China
基金
教育部2011年"新世纪优秀人才支持计划"项目资助
