摘要
目的探讨深圳市儿童乙型病毒性肝炎(简称乙肝)流行现状及乙肝疫苗应用效果。方法采用多阶段整群系统随机抽样方法抽取调查户,对深圳市1～14岁常住人口进行问卷调查并采血检测HBsAg、抗-HBs及抗-HBc。采用Epidata 3.2软件建立调查数据库,利用SPSS 16.0软件进行数据处理分析,两组之间率比较采用χ2检验,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。结果调查1～14岁儿童1 653人,HBsAg阳性率2.06%,抗-HBs阳性率74.53%,抗-HBc阳性率5.32%,HBV感染率9.62%。有乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童1 349人,HBsAg阳性率1.85%、抗-HBs阳性率75.02%、抗-HBc阳性率4.60%及HBV感染率5.41%;无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童92人,HBsAg阳性率4.35%、抗-HBs阳性率68.48%、抗-HBc阳性率10.87%及HBV感染率73.91%;有无乙肝疫苗免疫史儿童HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义,(χ2=7.14、457.83,P均<0.01)。乙肝疫苗免疫3年以内儿童601人,其中HBsAg阳性率为0、抗-HBs阳性率73.71%、抗-HBc阳性率2.0%、HBV感染率2.0%;免疫7～9年183人,其中HBsAg阳性率5.46%、抗-HBs阳性率79.23%、抗-HBc阳性率8.74%、HBV感染率11.48%。乙肝疫苗不同免疫年限儿童抗-HBs阳性率差异无统计学意义,HBsAg阳性率、抗-HBc阳性率、HBV感染率差异有统计学意义(χ2=29.53、36.88、43.75,P均<0.01)。结论持续保持较高的乙肝疫苗接种率,可以有效降低乙肝流行率。研究和推行乙肝疫苗加强免疫策略也是乙肝防治工作重点之一。
Objective To better understand the epidemiological status of hepatitis B among children in Shenzhen and to evaluate the protective effect of HBV vaccine. Methods A total of 1 653 children aged from 1-14 years were selected by using multi-stage cluster random sampling method in the study. A questionnaire survey was conducted and blood samples were collected to detect HBsAg and anti HBs as well as anti-HBc. Results The overall positive rate of HBsAg, anti HBs, anti HBc and the infection rate of HBV were 2.06%, 74.53%, 5.32% and 9.62%. Compared to unvaccinated children, the positive rate of anti-HBc and HBV infection rate among vaccinated children decreased from 10.87% to 4.60% and from 73.98% to 5.41% （X^2=7.14, 457.83, P〈0.01） respectively, while there were no big differences of HBsAg and anti-HBs positive rates between vaccinated and unvaccinated children. Among children vaccinated in 3 years, none of them was found HBsAg positive, while the positive rates of anti-HBs, anti HBc and HBV infection rate were 73.71%, 2.0% and 2.0%. These numbers increased to 5.46%, 79.23%, 8.74% and 11.48% among children vaccinated 7 to 9 years age, except the positive rate of anti-HBs. All showed differences in terms of vaccination time （X2=29.53, 36.88, 43.75, P〈0.01）. Conclusions Keeping high pitching rate of hepatitis B vaccine in children can effectively reduce the hepatitis B infection rate. Meanwhile, reinforcing the application of hepatitis B vaccine is one of the most important strategies to prevent and control hepatitis B endemic.
出处
《中国预防医学杂志》
CAS
2012年第6期406-409,共4页
Chinese Preventive Medicine
基金
国家"十一五"科技重大专项(2009ZX10001-018)
