摘要
精准农业耕作（Ｐｒｅｃｉｓｉｏｎ Ｆａｒｍｉｎｇ）是一种把科学的精确性引进农田耕作生产的方法。它根据田间作物生长条件和产量状况等差别，应用地理信息系统技术（ＧＩＳ）、全球卫星定位系统（ＧＰＳ）和智能农机技术进行农业生产信息管理及农田投入的调节与控制，从而达到提高效益、避免资源浪费、减少环境污染的目的。目前，经济发达国家已开始推广精准农业耕作，广大发展中国家也广泛开展应用研究和实验示范，中国作为世界上最主要的农业国家和人口大国，为满足经济发展和人民生活水平日益提高的要求，保持农业的持续发展，正在积极启动精准农业耕作试验示范，逐步推广精准农业耕作技术，寻求发展高效生态农业的途径，迎头赶上农业新科技革命的世界潮流。
From the development history of modern agriculture in the world, we can see that, before the middle age of the 20th century, the developed industrial countries must import foods, agricultural products from the undeveloped industrial countries to sustain themselves. But in the later stage of the 20th century, this condition has changed, the developed industrial countries often export a great deal of foods and agricultural products to the undeveloped industrial countries. In the middle age of the 20th century, since the arable land area of developed countries has not increased obviously, the main reason is technology, including the input of precision agriculture technology that developed stage by stage. It can continuously promote the productivity and utility rate of agriculture resources, explore the potential of agriculture, and decrease the cost, at the same time has reduced the environmental pollution caused by agricultural chemical materials. Thus it attained the synchronal increase of economic, social and ecological benefits and realized the sustainable development of agriculture. The precision farming is a method that introduces the accuracy of technology into the production of agriculture. Based on the difference of growing condition, production of crops and so on, it applies the technology of GIS, GPS and intelligent machine to manage the production information of agriculture and regulate or control the input to the farm, and get the proposal of increasing benefits, avoiding the waste of resources, reducing the pollution to the environment and so on. Nowadays, the developed countries have mainly realized the technology of precision farming and many developing countries have also evolved in the application studies and experimental demonstration. To be the main agriculture and most populated country in the world, in order to satisfy the need of economic development and the continually increase of the standard of peoples living conditions and to maintain the sustainable development of agriculture, China should start experimenting and demonstrating on the precision farming promptly, generalize the technology of precision farming step by step, find a way to develop the effective ecological agriculture, and try hard to catch up the tidal current of the revolution of new agriculture technology in the world.
出处
《地理科学》
CSCD
北大核心
2000年第2期110-114,共5页
Scientia Geographica Sinica
基金
中国科学院创新工程重大项目!(批准号KZCX1-Y-CA)
国家农业综合开发农业高新技术试验示范项目
关键词
中国
精准农业耕作
分析
设计
China
Precision farming
Analysis and design
